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稻鸭稻鱼共作生态系统N素平衡的研究

Keywords: 稻鸭,稻鱼生态系统,灌溉水,N淋失,N平衡,NH3挥发,N2O释放

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Abstract:

通过田间采样与室内分析相结合的方法,对华中地区稻鸭、稻鱼共作生态系统N素动态及平衡进行了系统研究。结果表明,对于各处理,主要的N输入来自施肥、降雨和灌溉水,其中降雨的N输入量为42.83kgN·hm-2,灌溉水N的输入量分别为34.36(CK)、32.72(RD)和41.72kgN·hm-2(RF)。主要的N损失包括N2O释放、NH3挥发、N淋失、鸭和鱼的收获及水稻吸N。CKN2O释放损失量为4.04kgN·hm-2,显著低于RD的4.31kgN·hm-2和高于RF的3.76kgN·hm-2,表明稻田养鸭能增加N2O释放损失而养鱼则降低N2O释放损失。RD和RFNH3挥发损失分别为43.09和44.89kgN·hm-2,低于CK,这与鸭和鱼的存在降低了田面水pH有关。CK、RD和RFN淋失量分别为6.73、6.11和5.81kgN·hm-2。因鸭和鱼收获而损失的N量分别为0.60和0.18kgN·hm-2。水稻N的吸收是稻田最主要的N损失,CK、RD和RFN吸收量分别为(219.95±20.61)、(273.65±53.49)和(279.22±17.47)kgN·hm-2。N平衡分析显示,施肥和水稻吸N是影响N平衡最主要的影响因素,而NH3挥发损失、降雨和灌溉水N的输入也是影响N平衡的重要因素;与CK相反,由于鸭和

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