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种养结合生产区农田氮素平衡分析——以山东省禹城为例

Keywords: 氮素平衡,农田系统,区域尺度,种养结合,山东禹城

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Abstract:

根据种养结构变化,对禹城农田系统氮素总体平衡状况进行了计算分析。结果表明,该区域农田系统的氮素输入、氮素输出和氮素盈余均呈逐年增加趋势,从1980—2005年按耕地平均,氮素输入由209.0kg·hm-2增加到756.1?kg·hm-2,氮素输出由75.2kg·hm-2增加到300.7kg·hm-2,因为输入增加幅度高于输出增加幅度,导致氮素盈余由133.8kg·hm-2增加到455.4kg·hm-2;从空间差异来看,禹城的11个乡镇中,只有1个乡表现为氮素亏缺,其余均不同程度地呈现出氮素盈余,其中有7个乡镇的耕地氮素盈余量在400kg·hm-2以上,有3个乡镇的耕地氮素盈余量超过了600kg·hm-2。如此高的氮素盈余,主要是源于大量化肥氮和粪便氮输入农田。所以,为了减少农田氮素盈余损失,禹城应在其区域范围内尽可能地减少化肥氮的投入,并对粪便氮进行合理管理和调配施用。

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