全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

农田土壤中农药的环境行为浓度预测

Keywords: 农药,参数,土壤环境,不同行为,浓度预测

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

根据农药的理化参数和环境参数预测农药在田间土壤中的分布浓度是进行农药管理的重要手段。以Freundlich等式衍化出来的线性吸附曲线X=Kf×C和农药指数降解动力学C(t)=C0×exp(-kt)为基础,根据农药有机碳吸附常数(Koc)、辛醇/水比常数(Kow)、半衰期(DT50)等重要参数和土壤理化性质参数,建立了一段时间后田间土壤中农药的残留浓度、渗漏在地下水中的浓度、蒸发在空气中浓度和吸收在植物体内的浓度的预测方法,为农药管理、使用和风险评价提供了一种工具,以降低农药污染。该方法被应用于预测42种喷雾用杀菌剂和7种土壤施用杀菌剂的环境浓度。结果表明,喷雾施用丙森锌渗漏在地下水中的浓度最高,超过欧盟标准0.1μg·L-1两倍多;土壤残留浓度较大的为硫酸铜(0.039mg·kg-1)、多菌灵(0.023mg·kg-1)和甲霜灵(0.24mg·kg-1)。土壤施用90d后,噁霉灵渗漏在地下水中的浓度约为1.11μg·L-1,五氯硝基苯土壤中残留浓度更是达到1.78mg·kg-1。浓度预测结果可以与毒理学数据相结合用于农药风险评价。

References

[1]  Dore T, Bail M le, Verger P. Cropping systems and food safety[J]. Cahiers Agricultures, 2002, 11 (3) : 177-185.
[2]  Boesten J J T I, Gottesburen B. Testing PESTLA by two modellers for bentazone, ethoprophos in a sandy soil [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2000, 44: 283-305.
[3]  Fangio Vercruysse, Walter Steurbaut. POCER, the pesticide occupational and environmental riskindicator [J]. Crop Protection, 2002, 21:307- 315.
[4]  Klein M, Hosang J, Schaefer H, et al. Comparing and evaluating pesticide leaching models: results of simulations with PELMO [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2000, 44:263-281.
[5]  Leonard R A, Knisel W G, Still D A. GLEAMS: groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems [J]. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1987, 30(5) : 1403-1418.
[6]  Mullins J A, Carsel R F, Scarbrough J E, et al. PRZM-2, a Model for Predicting Pesticide Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones, Users Manual for Release 2.0[M]. Athens, GA:USEPA, 1993.
[7]  黄国强 李凌 等.农药在土壤中迁移转化及模型方法研究进展[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(4):275~277,380.
[8]  刘刚才 WuLaosheng 等.4种农药在草坪中的消解特征及其2种模型模拟的效果比较[J].环境科学学报,:.
[9]  熊文兰 陈一兵 林超文.利用PEARL模型评价农药渗透对地下水的污染[J].中国水土保持,2004,2(4):58-65.
[10]  Green R E, Karickhoff S W. Sorption estimates for modeling[M]. // Cheng HH ed. Pesticides in the Soil Environment : Pro-cesses, Impact, and Modeling. Madison, WI : Soil Science Society of America, 1990. 79-102.
[11]  Andrew Craven, Simon Hoy. Pesticide persistence and bound residues in soil-regulatory significance[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2005, 133 : 5-9.
[12]  Carsel R F, Imhoff J C, Hummel P R, et al. PRZM-3, a model for predicting pesticide and nitrogen fate in the crop root and unsaturated soil zones: Users manual for release 3.0 [M]. Athens, GA: US-EPA, 1998. 420.
[13]  Hutson J L, Wagenet R J. Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model, Version 3 [M]. Ithaca, NY: New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1992. 142.
[14]  Alister C, Kogan M. ERI: Environmental Risk Index - a simple proposal to select agrochemicals for agricultural use[J]. Crop Protection, 2006, 25 : 202-211.
[15]  Sabljic A, Gusten H, Verhaar H, et al. QSAR modeling of soil sorption -improvments and systematies of logKoc vs. logKow correlations [J]. Chemosphere, 1995, 31:4489-4514.
[16]  Lewis K A, Newbold M J, Broom C E. Eco-rating system for optimizing pesticide use at farm level, Part 2: Evaluation, Examples and Piloting [J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineer Research, 1997, 68 : 281-289.
[17]  Bamford H A, Poster D L, Baker J E. Temperature dependence of Henry\\'s law constants of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 4 degrees C and 31 degrees C[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1999, 18:1905-1912.
[18]  Sabine Beulke, Igor G D, Colin D B, et al. Simulation of pesticide persistence in the field on the basis of laboratory data-a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000, 29(5 ): 1371-1380.
[19]  BJ van Alphen, Stoorvogel J J. Effects of soil variability and weather conditions on pesticide leaching -a farm-level evaluation[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2002, 31:797-805.
[20]  Jarvis N, Brown C D, Granitza E. Sources of error in model predictions of pesticide leaching: a case study using the MACRO model[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2000, 44: 247-262.
[21]  FOCUS Soil Group. Soil persistence models and EU registration, European Commission Document 7617/VI/96[A]. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 1996.77.
[22]  Boesten J J T I. Modeller subjectivity in estimating pesticide parameters for leaching models using the same laboratory data set[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2000, 44: 389-409.
[23]  Jin Y, Jury W A. Characterizing the dependence of gas diffusion coefficient on soil properties[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1996, 60: 66-71.
[24]  Jury W A, Spencer W F, Farmer W J. Behavior assessment model for trace organics in soil-I, Model description[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1983, 12:558-564.
[25]  Torstensson L. Role of microorganisms in decomposition [M].//Hance RJ ed. Interactions between herbicides and the soil. London: AcademicPress, 1980. 159-178.
[26]  Wolfe N L, Mingelgrin U I, Miller G C. Abiotic transformations in water, sediments, and soil[M].//Cheng H Hed. Pesticides in the soil environment: processes, impacts and modeling. Madison, WI : SSSA, 1990. 103-168.
[27]  Craven A. Bound residues of organic compounds in the soil: the significance of pesticide persistence in soil and water: a European regulatory view[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2000, 108 : 15-18.
[28]  Van Ommen H C, MTH van Genuchten, WH van der Molen, et al. Experimental and theoretical analysis of solute transport from a diffuse source of pollution[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1989, 105 : 225-251.
[29]  Ragab R, Beese F, Elalers W. A soil water balance and dry matter production model: I. Soil Water Balance of Oat [J]. Agronomy Journal, 1990, 82: 152-156.
[30]  Behrendt H, Brtiggernann R, Morgenstem M. Numerical and analytical model of pesticide root uptake model comparision and sensitives [J]. Chemosphere, 1995, 30(10) : 1905-1920.
[31]  Briggs G G, Bromilow R H, Evans A A. Relationships between lipophilicity and root uptake and translocation of non-ionized chemicals by barley[J]. Pesticide Science, 1982, 13:495-504.
[32]  Andre Wolters, Michael Klein, Harry Vereecken. An improved description of pesticide volatilization : refinement of the pesticide leaching model (PELMO)[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2004, 33: 1629-1637.
[33]  CEC. Council Directive 94/43/EC. Establishing Annex VI to Directive 91/414/EEC [J]. Official Journal of the European Communities, 1994, L227:31.
[34]  EC. Council Directive of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market, 91/414/EEC [J]. Official Journal of the European Communities, 1991, L230:1-195.
[35]  STET. Amending Council Directive 91/414/EC Concerning the Placing of Plant Protection Products on the Market, Council Directive 95/36/EC[J]. Offtcial Journal of the European Communities, 1995, L172 : 8-20.
[36]  Linders J B H J,Rikken M G J,Bakker J,et al. Uniform System for the Evaluation of Substances (USES), version 4.0, rivm report 601450012. BA[G]. Bilthoven:RIVM, 2002.616.
[37]  Orme S, Kegley S. PAN Pesticide Database. San Francisco, CA: Pesticide Action Network, North America, 2006 [EB/OL]. http:www.pesticideinfo.org

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133