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典型重工业区与污灌区植物的重金属污染状况及特征

Keywords: 重金属,植物,污染,富集

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Abstract:

对我国几个典型重工业区和污灌区木本植物、水生或湿地植物、农作物以及蔬菜、杂草的重金属污染状况进行了野外调查与采样分析。结果说明,相同条件下,垂柳、紫穗槐和女贞对Mn的吸收量较大,臭椿和紫穗槐对Cr和Zn、爬墙虎对Cu、臭椿对Cd和Pb的吸收能力均较强,而悬铃木、油松、芙蓉等相同条件下叶内浓度却很低。湿地植物对Zn的吸收累积能力接近或已经达到对重金属的“超富集”水平(≥1000mg·kg-1),凤眼莲对Cr和Cu的吸收量分别是其它水生与湿地植物平均值的12与4倍,湿地植物水芹对Ni和Cd的吸收累积明显高于水生植物。蔬菜和水稻对Cd、Cr、Zn的吸收累积量较高。对水稻,这3种元素主要积累在果实部位,说明该类污染土壤种植水稻对人类健康的风险性更大,而在土壤Cd污染严重的情况下种植小麦导致污染的可能性大于玉米。

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