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三江平原湿地土壤CO2和CH4排放的初步研究

Keywords: 三江平原,湿地土壤,CO2,CH4

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Abstract:

在三江平原选择3种不同类型的湿地:永久积水的漂筏苔草沼泽、季节性积水的小叶章草甸和无积水的恢复湿地。从2002年7月到10月对漂筏苔草沼泽进行了土壤碳排放的观测,2002年8月中旬至10月对小叶章草甸和恢复湿地进行了土壤碳排放的观测。观测结果表明,不同湿地类型下土壤CO2和CH4排放具有明显的差异,同段时期内(2002年8月中旬到10月底)土壤CH4排放通量为小叶章草甸(14.3mg·m-2·h-1)>漂筏苔草沼泽(7.9mg·m-2·h-1)>恢复湿地(-0.015mg·m-2·h-1),CO2排放速率表现为小叶章草甸(384.9mg·m-2·h-1)>恢复湿地(345.6mg·m-2·h-1)>漂筏苔草沼泽(117.6mg·m-2·h-1)。温度是导致漂筏苔草沼泽和小叶章草甸土壤CO2和CH4的排放季节变化的主要驱动因子,也是恢复湿地土壤CO2排放季节变化的主要驱动因子,但对其CH4氧化吸收影响不明显。地表积水深度与漂筏苔草沼泽以及小叶章草甸土壤CO2和CH4排放均呈负相关,温度和积水深度的综合作用决定了漂筏苔草沼泽和小叶章草甸土壤CO2和CH4排放的季节变化特征。

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