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北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜中铜含量及其健康风险

Keywords: 北京市,蔬菜,,健康风险,抗污染品种

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Abstract:

根据蔬菜消费量和兼顾品种多样性的原则,在北京市规模化蔬菜栽培基地和蔬菜批发市场分别采集53个菜地土壤和100种蔬菜416个样品,以研究蔬菜和土壤铜含量及其健康风险,并评价不同蔬菜品种对土壤铜的富集能力。结果表明,与北京市土壤背景值相比,北京市菜地土壤铜积累明显,其含量范围、算术均值、中值、几何均值分别为6.0 ̄65.2、24.5、23.2和22.7mg.kg-1,菜地土壤铜含量均低于《土壤环境质量标准》的蔬菜地土壤质量标准;北京市蔬菜铜含量符合对数正态分布,其含量范围、算术均值和几何均值分别为0.024 ̄8.25、0.713和0.505mg.kg-1鲜重;瓜果类蔬菜铜含量显著高于叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜,特菜类铜含量显著高于叶菜类蔬菜。北京市裸露地蔬菜铜含量显著高于设施栽培蔬菜,但北京市本地产蔬菜和外地产蔬菜铜含量差异不显著。铜含量与对土壤铜的富集能力以云架豆为最高,因而其抗污染能力较差,茄子、辣椒、小白菜和大葱铜含量次之,冬瓜、黄瓜、大白菜、西红柿、甘蓝、萝卜、叶甜菜和部分特菜最低。估算表明,北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入铜的量为815.6μg.人-.1d-1,目前尚无明显的健康风险。

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