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大宝山矿区周围土壤重金属污染分布特征研究

Keywords: 矿区,重金属污染,化学形态,分布特征,生物有效性

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Abstract:

对广东大宝山矿矿区周围尾矿、土壤/沉积物中重金属的总量和化学形态进行了详细研究。结果表明,该矿区周围土壤污染是以Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb为主的多金属复合污染,综合污染指数为0.89~32.34。污灌稻田土中重金属Cu、Zn、As和Cd的平均浓度分别达560.91、1135.08、218.07和2.453mg·kg-1,远远超出了土壤环境二级标准值,最大超标倍数分别为20.09、10.37、18.36和10.23。对土壤中重金属的化学形态研究发现:Cu、Zn和Cd的水提取态和EDTA提取态含量较高,其生物可利用性高,对周围生态系统有较大的潜在危害,而As的2种提取态和Pb的水提取态含量均很低,其潜在危害相对较小。同时还发现,土壤水溶态和EDTA提取态重金属含量与土壤pH值呈明显负相关关系。

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