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放射性核素污染土壤修复标准的若干问题

Keywords: 放射性核素,污染土壤,修复标准,内涵

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Abstract:

随着我国核武器试爆基地逐步对外开放、铀矿勘探和采冶活动增加以及越来越多的铀矿退役,放射性核素污染场地的治理与修复问题已初露端倪。无论是用物理、化学、生物还是工程的方法修复放射性核素污染场地,土壤修复标准或基准的制定始终是要解决的关键问题之一。虽然近年国际上有关放射性核素污染土壤修复的基础理论研究和应用研究进展很快,但放射性核素污染土壤修复标准的建立相对滞后,有待达成统一认识。而在我国,基本上没有人开展过相应的专项研究。为推动我国有关放射性核素污染土壤修复标准的建立,本文对建立放射性核素污染土壤修复标准的必要性、放射性核素污染土壤修复标准的内涵与分类、国外放射性核素污染土壤修复标准等进行了回顾与讨论,首次提出放射性核素污染土壤修复标准或基准应包括三重含义,即放射性核素污染土壤的剂量/比活度标准(第一层次)、放射性核素污染土壤的生物多样性标准(第二层次)和美学标准(第三层次)。

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