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乙草胺、甲胺磷及其复合对土壤真菌种群的毒性效应

Keywords: 变性梯度凝胶电泳,土壤真菌,复合污染,乙草胺,甲胺磷

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Abstract:

农药的施用会对土壤非靶向微生物的数量、种群结构产生影响,目前关于这方面的研究主要集中在土壤细菌,而真菌的较少。以从中科院海伦生态站采集的农田黑土作为实验土壤,采用室内模拟和PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)的方法,考察北方常用的除草剂乙草胺和杀虫剂甲胺磷对真菌多样性和种群结构的影响。设定对照,乙草胺3个浓度单独处理(50、150、250?mg·kg-1),甲胺磷3个浓度单独处理(50、150、250mg·kg-1)和它们复合的9个处理,共16个处理。结果表明,乙草胺单独作用时,增加了土壤真菌的多样性,并且对真菌多样性和种群结构的影响在第1周尤为显著,处理8周后呈恢复的趋势。甲胺磷单独作用时对土壤真菌多样性起抑制作用,使真菌种群结构发生了改变,随着培养时间的延长,其对真菌影响也逐渐减弱,真菌种群多样性和结构在处理8周后可部分恢复。乙草胺与甲胺磷相复合时,土壤真菌多样性的变化因两种农药浓度组合的不同而不同。在培养初期多数复合处理降低了土壤真菌的多样性,至末期时多数处理可增加真菌的多样性。对种群结构的影响在第1周时,中、高浓度甲胺磷与乙草胺的复合以甲胺磷为主导因子,第8周时乙草胺与低、中浓度甲胺磷复合时起到主导作

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