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不同土壤添加剂对太湖流域小麦产量及氮磷养分流失的影响

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2015.05.016

Keywords: 小麦 土壤添加剂 产量 氮肥利用率 径流 渗漏 氮磷损失

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Abstract:

为探讨土壤添加剂对太湖流域面源污染控制的效果,采用盆栽试验,选用树脂、生物炭和硝化抑制剂作为供试材料,研究其单独施用、两两配施以及三者同时施用对冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收、氮磷径流渗漏损失和土壤养分的影响。研究结果表明:各添加剂处理均促进了小麦的地上部生物量,除单施树脂处理外,其他添加剂处理的产量都比施肥对照有所增加,增加幅度为13%~133%,以添加剂的两两配施效果较佳;各添加剂处理均促进了小麦对氮素的吸收,除单施树脂处理外,其余处理均提高了氮肥利用效率,以两两配施效果最为显着,显着高于施肥处理;与施肥对照相比,生物炭和硝化抑制剂的单施及配施均降低了径流和渗漏液中TN和TP浓度,减少麦季氮流失57%~71%、磷流失26%~46%,而有树脂施入的处理其氮磷损失量有所提高。综合比较得出,施化肥的同时配施生物炭和硝化抑制剂,可显着增加小麦产量(增产103%),氮肥农学效率和生理效率显着提高,整个麦季通过径流和渗漏损失的氮磷分别减少了68.8%和26.1%,值得在太湖流域麦田的面源污染控制上进一步应用

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