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不同施肥处理对连续三季作物氮肥利用率及其分配与去向的影响

Keywords: 施肥措施,15N利用率,标记氮肥的分配与去向

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Abstract:

采用室外盆栽试验系统研究了不同施肥处理对连续3个生长季作物生长状况、标记15N利用率及其分配与去向的影响。结果表明,高量氮肥的施用能显著提高作物的生长和产量,而化肥配施玉米秸秆在第1生长季表现为抑制,第2、第3生长季则相反。作物体内来自标记氮肥的含量和比例随生长季的增加显著下降,高量氮肥和玉米秸秆的施用能显著提高其含量和比例(P<0.05)。标记氮肥在土壤中的残留率随作物生长季的增加而降低,而标记氮肥的累积作物利用率和总损失率随着生长季的增加而增加,经过连续3季作物的吸收利用,标记氮肥在土壤中的残留率、累积作物利用率和总损失率分别平均为15.82%、61.11%和23.07%。标记氮肥的作物利用率和损失率主要发生在第1生长季内,高量氮肥的施用降低了标记肥料氮在土壤中的残留率,增加了氮素损失率;与单施化肥处理相比,化肥配施玉米秸秆能明显增加标记肥料氮在土壤和作物中的回收率,降低氮素损失率,提高比例为21.74%,从而说明在施肥当季,通过施入高C/N比有机物料玉米秸秆合理调节土壤中C源和N素营养的施用比例,可以达到增加氮肥在土壤中的残留率,提高氮肥利用率的目的。

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