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紫茎泽兰与本地植物群落根际土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的差异

Keywords: 紫茎泽兰,土壤酶活性,土壤肥力,外来入侵植物,营养循环

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Abstract:

入侵植物对自然生境土壤养分的正反馈作用促进了入侵,一个可能的解释是入侵植物对入侵生境肥力平衡的打破而增加了其对本地植物的竞争能力。本文比较研究了入侵杂草紫茎泽兰和3种本地草本植物群落根际土壤肥力和土壤酶(蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶)的活性,并对上述土壤酶活性和不同土壤肥力之间进行了相关分析。结果表明,紫茎泽兰群落根际土壤全氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N和全钾含量显著比在本地植物群落的高,而其土壤全磷和速效磷的含量显著比在本地植物群落的低,其土壤速效钾含量也较低;紫茎泽兰群落根际土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性显著比在本地植物群落的高;土壤酶活性与全氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N和全钾显著正相关,而与全磷和速效磷显著负相关。与本地植物相比,紫茎泽兰改变了土壤养分的供求平衡,这种改变可能有利于紫茎泽兰的生长竞争和对本地植物生长的抑制,尤其有利于紫茎泽兰在贫瘠生境的入侵成功;不同植物群落根际土壤酶活性差异可能是引起土壤肥力变化的重要驱动因子之一。本文为紫茎泽兰入侵的生态影响和其成功入侵的原因提供了试验证据,为紫茎泽兰入侵生理机制的研究奠定了理论基础。

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