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土壤中嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其性能研究

Keywords: 土壤,重金属,嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌,生物淋滤,系统发育树,16S,rDNA

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Abstract:

采用改进型Leathen培养基直接从辽宁省抚顺市红透山铜矿附近的土壤中分离到了一株高度嗜酸的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans)菌株(暂命名为R2)。鉴定表明,该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,在扫描电镜下观察该菌株为短杆状,菌体大小为(0.4±0.2)μm×(1.6±0.4)μm。最适pH值2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和硫代硫酸钠生长,不能利用葡萄糖、蛋白胨生长。并且以16SrDNA序列同源性为基础构建了17株已报道菌种在内的系统发育树,将16SrDNA测序结果输入Genebank以Blast软件进行序列同源性比较,结果显示与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans)的多株细菌具有较高的同源性(>99%),其中与AcidithiobacillusferrooxidansstrainTGS的相似性达到100%,与标准株AcidithiobacillusferrooxidansstrainATCC33020相似性为99.3%,结合其生理生化特性可以确定该菌为氧化亚铁硫杆菌种。序批式试验法研究表明,接种该株菌可有效溶出土壤中重金属,经过5d的生物淋滤,Cu、Cr、Zn、Cd的最高去除率分别达到30.6%、16.3%、58.4%和72%。

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