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土法炼锌区土壤重金属形态及其转化

Keywords: 土法炼锌区,重金属形态,pH,重金属调控

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Abstract:

废弃地复垦成为土法炼锌区面临的主要问题,而重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd)的调控又是复垦中的首要问题。为了探索土法炼锌区废渣和污染土壤中重金属的迁移扩散和转化规律,对经过土法炼锌区河流进行了监测,以及用水浸提废渣、用HNO3和NaOH分别调控废渣和污染土壤的pH值、采用5步萃取法测定重金属化学形态、用腐殖质、EDTA、不同量的石灰等处理污染土壤后进行苗圃盆栽试验。结果发现,河流重金属主要来源于水土流失,集中在悬浮物和沉积物,防止水土流失非常必要;废渣中的重金属用水浸提溶出量很少;废渣中的重金属随pH值降低溶出量显著增大,污染土壤中的重金属随着pH值的增加溶出量减少,增加到9以后,溶出量反而增加,因而控制废渣的pH降低和适当提高污染土壤pH值可减少重金属的潜在危害;废渣中重金属可交换态含量极低(<0.1%),其他的形态含量远远高于背景土壤,污染土壤中重金属可交换态含量远远高于背景土壤和废渣;施用石灰使土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd的DTPA提取态分别降低了83.9%、23.1%和79.4%,白菜中Pb、Zn、Cd的含量分别减少97.2%、94.7%和89.4%,因而在土法炼锌区废弃地复垦中调控pH值是一种实用而有效的措施。

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