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太湖地区蔬菜地土壤中有机氯农药残留的变化

Keywords: 有机氯农药,蔬菜田土壤,DDT,HCH,太湖

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Abstract:

有机氯农药(Organochlorinepesticides,OCPs)从1983年在中国蔬菜地中已被禁止使用,但由于其高残留和高毒性,至今依然对生态安全和人类健康产生潜在威胁。本研究采用现场采样及室内分析方法,分别对太湖地区不同利用时间(分别为1、5、10、15、20、30、50a)蔬菜地的OCPs残留进行研究,并以附近水稻田作为对照。结果表明,(1)表层(0~15cm)和下层(15~30cm)没有显著性差异,OCPs含量范围为19.81~45.0ng·g-1(平均值为32.5ng·g-1),OCPs从1~15a逐渐增加,15~50a又呈逐渐减少趋势;(2)测定土壤的∑DDT,∑HCH(Hexachlorocyclohexane),HCB(Hexachlorobenzene),狄氏剂(Dieldrin),异狄氏剂(Endrin),五氯硝基苯(Pentachloronitrobenzene,PCNB),硫丹(α-Endosulfan)的检出率均高达100%;(3)其中,∑DDT和∑HCH占OCP的主要成分(平均为80%),大部分都低于中国土壤环境质量标准(GB15618—95)一级标准含量(50ng·g-1);(4)从α-HCH/γ-HCH,DDE/DDT的比率看,在1983年中国禁用后,太湖地区的蔬菜田中依然有新的HCHs和DDTs进入土壤。

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