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基于SWAT模型的流域非点源污染模拟——以密云水库北部流域为例

Keywords: 非点源污染,SWAT,时空变化模拟,密云水库流域

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Abstract:

本文利用SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水文、水质等监测数据,对研究区非点源污染负荷的时空变化进行模拟。结果表明,在空间尺度上,白河流域产流(占总流域的47.75%)、产沙(占总流域的53.65%)最大,但潮河水系含沙量(占总流域的62.55%)最大;单位面积氮磷流失量最高区域在潮河水系的东部丘陵区安达木河控制流域,其次为西部山地区的白河水系控制流域,流失量最低的区域出现在潮河水系中部冲积扇区主河道控制流域。在时间尺度上,8月份流量最大,占雨季总流量的51.48%;而硝态氮和矿物质磷在9月份输出最大,分别占雨季总输出83.64%和50.55%。不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,耕地负荷贡献最大,其次是农村居民点,林地的污染负荷贡献最小。

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