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不同肥料处理对土壤铵态氮时空变化影响的研究

Keywords: 肥料处理,时空变化,铵态氮,产量,品质

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Abstract:

采用等氮技术进行原状土柱法试验,设置单施尿素(N)、有机肥(OM)和尿素与有机肥配施(N+OM)3个处理,研究了不同肥料处理对土壤铵态氮含量的时空变化以及小麦产量、地上部氮含量和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,不同肥料处理下在同深度剖面上在各个时期土壤铵态氮含量分布较均匀。不同肥料处理下,1.2m土体中铵态氮总含量均在抽穗期出现最大值,在拔节期出现最小值。其中,在越冬期和拔节期表现为尿素>配施>有机肥,在抽穗期和扬花期表现为有机肥>配施>尿素,在灌浆盛期表现为配施>尿素>有机肥,在成熟期表现为有机肥>尿素>配施。小麦全生育期总含量表现为以尿素最高、配施次之、有机肥最低,分别为186.6、184.1和183.3mg·kg-1,但其差别不显著。有机肥处理土壤剖面上NH4+-N含量整体变幅较大,其次为配施和尿素处理。在3种不同肥料处理下地上部每柱总氮含量顺序为配施>尿素>有机肥。配施处理的在叶片、叶鞘和茎秆中的氮含量均低于尿素和有机肥处理,在颖壳中的氮素含量配施的低于有机肥处理而高于尿素处理。在配施处理下的籽粒氮含量最高,分别是尿素和有机肥处理的1.12和1.26倍。尿素、有机肥和配施处理下的氮收获指数分别为73.09%、70.70%和75.84%

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