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两种水旱轮作稻田一氧化氮排放及其主要影响因素

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2015.08.025

Keywords: NO排放 水旱轮作稻田 影响因子 土壤水热状况

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Abstract:

应用静态暗箱/化学发光氮氧化物分析法分别对成都平原水稻-小麦和水稻-油菜两种水旱轮作稻田进行了一个轮作周期的一氧化氮(NO)排放速率定位观测,分析了NO排放速率特征及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度对NO排放的影响。结果表明:成都平原水稻-小麦和水稻-油菜轮作稻田NO平均排放速率分别为(8.3±3.7)μg·m-2·h-1和(7.2±5.4)μg·m-2·h-1,而整个轮作周期NO排放总量分别为(58.1±29.2)kg·hm-2和(37.4±14.0)kg·hm-2。施氮既是NO排放峰出现的主要原因,也能显著增加NO排放量,并且其增加效应在水稻季更明显。整个轮作周期NO排放量超过一半来自水稻季,旱季和休闲期NO排放量较少,休闲期NO高排放主要是作物收获后翻地引起的,因此减少休闲期翻地次数可能会有效减少NO排放。土壤水热状况是影响NO排放的重要环境因素,土壤温度与NO排放速率呈线性关系,但土壤湿度对NO排放的影响较为复杂,在土壤湿度条件较差的作物季,土壤湿度的提高有利于NO排放,而当土壤湿度较好时,土壤湿度的提高会抑制NO排放;同时,土壤水热状况较差也是造成土壤NO负排放(吸收)的重要原因

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