全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

温室土壤酸化评估的不同pH测定方法比较研究

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2014.11.014, PP. 2164-2170

Keywords: pH,测定,酸化评估,设施土壤,盐分积累,次生盐渍化

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

为筛选出适合于温室土壤酸化评估的pH测定方法,以温室中常见的褐土、潮土和水稻土为研究对象,设置不同的KNO3和复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O,15%-15%-15%)梯度,用五种方法:水浸提测定pH(pHw)、0.01mol·L-1CaCl2浸提测定pHpH(CaCl2)、饱和泥浆测定pH(pHw”)、田间浓度模拟测定pHpH(salt)以及石灰位(pHw-0.5pCa),测定各处理土壤的pH值,并对添加KNO3和复合肥后土壤的酸化状况进行评估。结果表明,KNO3累积在土壤中,虽然没有引入H+,却使pHw下降0.34~1.41个单位,盐分含量越高,pH下降程度越大;复合肥施入土壤中,氮肥转化过程中净释放H+,加之盐分积累的影响,导致pHw下降0.78~2.01个单位。对于其余四种pH测定方法,KNO3使pH(CaCl2)、pHw”、pH(salt)、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0~0.06、0.36~0.64、0.17~0.74、0.07~0.19个单位,复合肥使pH(CaCl2)、pHw”、pH(salt)、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0.28~1.49、0.51~1.87、0.57~1.89、0.53~1.56个单位。因此,温室中有盐分积累时,若用pHw作为酸化评判标准,计算质子引入量,不考虑盐分的影响,会高估土壤的酸化速率。五种pH测定方法中,pH(CaCl2)与pHw-0.5pCa值比较稳定,受土壤盐分含量影响较小。考虑到盐分积累对pH测定的影响、土壤酸化评估的准确程度以及测定的简易程度,认为pH(CaCl2)与pHw-0.5pCa是用于温室土壤酸化评估的最佳选择。

References

[1]  Yu H Y, Li T X, Zhang X Z. Nutrient budget and soil nutrient status in greenhouse system[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2010, 9(6):871-879.
[2]  黄绍文, 王玉军, 金继运, 等. 我国主要菜区土壤盐分、酸碱性和肥力状况[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(4):906-918. HUANG Shao-wen, WANG Yu-jun, JIN Ji-yun, et al. Status of salinity, pH and nutrients in soils in main vegetable production regions in China[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(4):906-918.
[3]  Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J]. Science, 2010, 327:1008-1010.
[4]  于天仁, 陈志诚. 土壤中发生的化学过程[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1990. YU Tian-ren, CHEN Zhi-cheng. Chemical processes in soil genesis[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1990.
[5]  Rengel Z. Hand book of soil acidity[M]. New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc, 2003.
[6]  Robson A D. Soil acidity and plant growth[M]. Sydney:Academic Press, 1989.
[7]  徐仁扣, Coventry D R. 某些农业措施对土壤酸化的影响[J]. 农业环境保护, 2002, 21(5):385-388. XU Ren-kou, Coventry D R. Soil acidification as influenced by some agriculture practice[J]. Agro-environmental Protection, 2002, 21(5):385-388.
[8]  张永春, 汪吉东, 沈明星, 等. 长期不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(3):465-472. ZHANG Yong-chun, WANG Ji-dong, SHEN Ming-xing, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil acidification in Taihu Lake region, China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(3):465-472.
[9]  于天仁. 土壤的电化学性质及其研究法[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1976. YU Tian-ren. The electrochemical properties and its research methods of the soil[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1976.
[10]  范庆锋, 张玉龙, 陈 重, 等. 保护地土壤酸度特征及酸化机制研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(3):466-471. FAN Qing-feng, ZHANG Yu-long, CHEN Zhong, et al. Acidity characteristics and acidification mechanism of soils in protected fields[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(3):466-471.
[11]  范庆锋, 张玉龙, 陈 重. 保护地蔬菜栽培对土壤盐分积累及pH值的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(1):103-106. FAN Qing-feng, ZHANG Yu-long, CHEN Zhong. Effects of protected field vegetable cultivation on soil salinity accumulating and pH[J]. Journal of Soil and Water conservation, 2009, 23(1):103-106.
[12]  李廷轩, 张锡洲. 设施栽培条件下土壤质量演变及调控[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2011. LI Ting-xuan, ZHANG Xi-zhou. Evolution and regulation of soil quality under greenhouse conditions[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2011.
[13]  中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978:142-195. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978:142-195.
[14]  姜 军, 徐仁扣, 赵安珍. 用酸碱滴定法测定酸性红壤的pH缓冲容量[J]. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(6):1247-1248. JIANG Jun, XU Ren-kou, ZHAO An-zhen. Determination of pH buffer capacity of acid red soils by acid-base titration[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(6):1247-1248.
[15]  于天仁, 王振权. 土壤分析化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1988:192-262. YU Tian-ren, WANG Zhen-quan. Soil analytical chemistry[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1988:192-262.
[16]  Miller R O, Kissel D E. Comparison of soil pH methods on soils of North America[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2010, 74:310-316.
[17]  于天仁, 季国亮, 丁昌璞. 可变电荷土壤的电化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1996:252-273. YU Tian-ren, JI Guo-liang, DING Chang-pu. Electrochemistry of variable charge soils[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1996:252-273.
[18]  Minasny B, Mcbratney A B, Brough D M, et al. Models relating soil pH measurements in water and calcium chloride that incorporate electrolyte concentration[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 62(5):728-732.
[19]  Zhao W, Cai Z C, Xu Z H. Does ammonium-based N addition influence nitrification and acidification in humid subtropical soils of China[J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 297(1-2):213-221.
[20]  Zhao X, Xing G X. Variation in the relationship between nitrification and acidification of subtropical soils as affected by the addition of urea or ammonium sulphate[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41(12):2584-2587.
[21]  Shen W S, Lin X G, Shi W M, et al. Higher rates of nitrogen fertilization decrease soil enzyme activities, microbial functional diversity and nitrification capacity in a Chinese polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 337(1-2):137-150.
[22]  Saranthchandra S U. Nitrification activities and the changes in the populations of nitrifying bacteria in soil perfused at two different H-ion concentrations[J]. Plant and Soil, 1978, 50(1-3), 99-111.
[23]  Martikainen P J. Nitrification in forest soil of different pH as affected by urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1985, 17(3):363-367.
[24]  Cheng Y, Wang J, Mary B, et al. Soil pH has contrasting effects on gross and net nitrogen mineralizations in adjacent forest and grassland soils in central Alberta, Canada[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 57:848-857.
[25]  Aitken R L, Moody P W. Interrelations between soil pH measurements in various electrolytes and soil solution pH in acidic soils[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1991, 29(4):483-491.
[26]  Henderson B L, Bui E N. An improved calibration curve between soil pH measured in water and CaCl2[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2002, 40(8):1399-1405.
[27]  Ahern C R, Baker D E, Aitken R L. Models for relating pH measurements in water and calcium chloride for a range of pH, soil types and depths[J]. Plant and Soil, 1995, 171(1):47-52.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133