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用酒石酸等有机酸清洗镉锌、镉镍复合污染土壤

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2015.06.009

Keywords: 重金属 土壤清洗 酒石酸 超声波

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Abstract:

针对受镉锌复合污染的A区土壤和受镉镍污染的B区土壤, 借鉴BCR分级提取的思路, 设计了用醋酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸及琥珀酸四种有机酸与草酸组合两步振荡清洗工艺, 去除土壤中环境风险较大的重金属形态, 并比较了单独用柠檬酸、酒石酸振荡清洗的效果, 探讨了超声波对酒石酸清洗的强化作用。结果表明:先用0.1 mol·L-1柠檬酸或酒石酸振荡清洗16 h,再用0.2 mol·L-1草酸振荡清洗16 h的两步清洗法对2种土壤目标重金属去除率最高;单独用0.1 mol·L-1酒石酸振荡清洗2 h对A区Cd、Zn和Ca的清洗率分别为30.74%、25.59%和15.86%,对B区土壤Cd、Ni和Ca的清洗率分别为47.36%、6.89%和23.92%.酒石酸能有效去除目标重金属, 同时洗出的常量元素Ca较柠檬酸少, 是较理想的清洗剂。超声波(功率400 W,频率20 kHz)可以强化酒石酸对重金属的清洗效果, 超声30 min对2种土壤目标重金属的清洗率与单独用酒石酸振荡清洗2 h相当

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