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农村环境污染识别方法与应用研究

Keywords: 农村环境污染,农户类型,污染识别

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Abstract:

本研究提出了基于农户分类的农村环境污染识别方法并用于实地研究。以经济活动类型、地理位置为基础,将农户分为典型种植户、典型养殖户、种养结合户、城郊农户4大类,并细划这4大类的污染类型,具体包括农户生活、农业种植、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、乡村旅游;识别各类型农户生产与生活全过程的污染源与污染强度,如单位面积化肥施用量、人均生活垃圾产生量等;统计区域内污染状况,通过估算污染源的贡献率,定量识别重点污染源与重点污染物;引入等标污染负荷率及水质指数,识别区域污染程度、主要污染类型。应用此方法在河北省曲周县进行实地研究,识别出曲周县重点污染物为TN,重点污染源为农业种植;农村环境引起的地表水TN污染指数为1.26,已经造成地表水TN超标;将曲周县10个乡镇污染类型分3类,种植养殖污染型、农业种植污染型和综合污染型。识别结果为有效控制不同区域农村环境污染提供必要的前提条件。

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