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渤海湾各形态重金属的地球化学特征及其环境意义

Keywords: 重金属,形态,地球化学特征,环境意义,沉积物,渤海湾

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Abstract:

根据2008年对渤海湾的调查,重点研究了渤海湾湾内和湾口柱状沉积物重金属的生物地球化学特征,通过剖析不同形态重金属的特征,结合渤海湾生态环境信息的综合分析,系统探讨了渤海湾沉积物重金属的演变趋势、影响控制因素以及潜在生态风险。结果表明,湾内海河口附近沉积柱重金属含量有几次突变,20~22cm段极小值可对应1939年海河北系的洪水,10~12cm段极小值可对应1963年海河南系的洪水,1963年至今重金属含量有逐渐增加的趋势。不同形态重金属百分含量从大到小为:残渣态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>有机结合态>可交换态,且重金属在海河口附近都表现出较高的可浸取态百分含量。风险评价结果表明,重金属总量富集因子由大到小为:Pb>Cd>Zn>Cr>V>Co>Cu>Ni,其中Pb、Cd和Zn的富集因子均大于1,说明其有污染,但渤海湾沉积物总体质量良好,潜在生态风险较低。从重金属形态角度评价,V和Cr无污染,Zn、Co、Cu、Ni和Pb在湾内及湾外均有不同程度的污染,而Pb的污染最为严重。

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