Briggs C M, Breiner J, Graham R C. Contributions of Pinus Ponderosa charcoal to soil chemical and physical properties[C]//The ASACSSA -SSSA International Annual Meetings. Salt Lake City, USA, 2005.
[2]
Yoshizawa S, Tanaka S. Acceleration of composting of food garbage and livestock waste by addition of biomass charcoal powder[J]. Asian En-vironmental Research, 2008, 1:45-50.
[3]
Wang J Y, Zhang M, Xiong Z Q, et al. Effects of biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions from two paddy soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2011, 47(8):887-896.
[4]
CayuelaM L, Oenema O, Kuikman P J, et al. Bioenergy by-products as soil amendments implications for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2010, 2:201-213.
[5]
Laird D A. The Charcoal Vision:A win-win-win scenario for simulta-neously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2008, 100(1): 178-181.
[6]
Stehfest E, Bouwman L. N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation:Summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2006, 74(3):207-228.
[7]
IPCC, Working Group I. The physical science basis[R]. Forth Assess-ment Report, 2007.
[8]
IPCC, Working Group III. Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture[R]. Fourth Assessment Report, 2007.
[9]
Pelstera D E, Larouche F, Rochette P, et al. Nitrogen fertilization but not soil tillage affects nitrous oxide emissions from a clay loam soil un-der a maize-soybean rotation[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2011, 115- 116:16-26.
[10]
Qin S P, Wang Y Y, Hu C S, et al. Yield-scaled N2O emissions in a win-ter-summer corn double-cropping system[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 55:240-244.
[11]
刘运通, 万运帆,林而达, 等.施肥与灌溉对春玉米土壤N2O排放通 量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(3):997-1002. LIU Yun-tong, WAN Yun-fan, LIN Er-da. et al. N2O flux variations from spring maize soil under fertilization and irrigation[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(3):997-1002.
[12]
Antal M J, Gronli M. The art, science, and technology of charcoal pro-duction[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003, 42(8): 1619-1640.
[13]
Roberts K G, Gloy B A, Joseph S, et al. Life cycle assessment of biochar systems:Estimating the energetic economic, and climate change poten-tial[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(2):827-833.
[14]
Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M, et al. Effect of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2007, 53 (2):181-188.
[15]
Zhang A F, Bian R J, Pan G X, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy:A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 127:153-160.
[16]
张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻 产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23): 4844-4853. ZHANG Bin, LIU Xiao-yu, PAN Gen-xin, et al. Changes in soil prop-erties, yield and trace gas emission from a paddy after biochar amend-ment in two consecutive rice growing cycles[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(23):4844-4853.
[17]
Renner R. Rethinking biochar[J]. Environmental Science & Technolo-gy, 2007, 41(17):5932-5933.
[18]
Clough T J, Bertram J E, Ray J L, et al. Unweathered wood biochar im-pact on nitrous oxide emissions from a bovine-urine-amended pasture soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2010, 74(3):852-860.
[19]
Gao B, Ju X T, Su F, et al. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from optimized and alternative cereal cropping systems on the North China Plain:A two-year field study[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 472:112-124.
[20]
白红英,韩建刚, 张一平, 等. 农田温室气体N2O 释放的水热效应 机理初探[J].农业环境科学学报, 2003, 22(6):724-726. BAI Hong-ying, HAN Jian-gang, ZHANG Yi-ping. Mechanism of N2O emission relying on humidity and temperature from soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2003, 22(6):724-726.
[21]
陈卫卫, 张友民, 王毅勇, 等. 三江平原稻田N2O通量特征[J]. 农业 环境科学学报, 2007, 26(1):364-368. CHEN Wei-wei, ZHANG You-min, WANG Yi-yong, et al. Character-istics of N2O fluxes in paddy fields of the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(1):364-368.
[22]
李平, 郎漫. 硝化和反硝化过程对林地和草地土壤N2O 排放 的贡献[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(22):4726-4732. LI Ping, LANG Man. Contribution of nitrification and denitrification to the nitrous oxide emission from forest and grassland soils[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(22):4726-4732.
[23]
Saarnio S, Heimonen K, Kettunen R. Biochar addition indirectly affects N2O emissions via soil moisture and plant N uptake[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 58:99-106.
[24]
Hansen S, Mehlum J E, Bakken L R. N2O and CH4 fluxes in soil influ-enced by fertilization and tractor traffic[J]. Soil Biology and Biochem-istry, 1993, 25(5):621-630.
[25]
Novak, J M, BusscherWJ, Watts D W, et al. Biochars impact on soilmoisture storage in an ultisol and two aridisols[J]. Soil Science, 2012, 177(5):310-320.