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不同管理措施对黄壤坡耕地径流氮输出的控制效果

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2014.10.011, PP. 1948-1955

Keywords: 坡耕地,径流,氮输出,管理措施,黄壤

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Abstract:

以黔中黄壤坡耕地氮磷流失长期定位监测基地为平台,于2008-2012年连续5a进行观测,研究玉米-油菜种植模式下,6种管理措施对黄壤坡耕地地表径流、径流氮输出的控制效果。结果表明:黄壤坡耕地产流系数为15.1%~20.1%,平均18.1%;氮肥流失系数为0.81%~1.34%,平均0.99%;径流氮输出以颗粒态氮所占TN比例46.9%最高,可溶性总氮流失以硝态氮为主,占TN流失的31.1%.优化施肥+横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖+等高植物篱的耕作管理措施截流效果、氮输出控制效果最佳,产流量较CK减少25%;氮肥流失系数最小,为0.81%;TN平均输出总量最小,为4.63kg·hm-2.顺坡常规耕作条件下,优化施肥与常规施肥径流量相当,TN输出量减少23.2%;优化施肥条件下,横坡垄作较顺坡常规耕作径流量减少6.7%,TN输出量减少7.3%;优化施肥+横坡垄作条件下,秸秆覆盖较无秸秆覆盖径流量减少4.8%,TN输出量减少3.4%;秸秆覆盖+等高植物篱较秸秆覆盖径流量减少11.6%,TN输出量减少6.8%.横坡垄作、优化施肥、秸秆覆盖、等高植物篱是控制黄壤坡耕地地表径流、径流中氮输出的有效措施。

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