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不同水分条件下平衡施肥对旱地冬小麦土壤硝态氮运移的影响

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2014.10.012, PP. 1956-1963

Keywords: 水分条件,平衡施肥,冬小麦,硝态氮运移

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Abstract:

为了探明不同水分条件下旱地冬小麦养分管理措施对土壤环境的影响,在控雨池栽条件下,设置水分与肥料双因素随机区组试验,以不施肥为对照,研究了0~200cm土层在底墒为650mm时,不同水分条件下3个平衡施肥处理(Y1:N13.9kg·hm-2、P2O54.65kg·hm-2、K2O15.3kg·hm-2,Y2:N97.5kg·hm-2、P2O532.7kg·hm-2、K2O107.6kg·hm-2,Y3:N181.2kg·hm-2、P2O560.6kg·hm-2、K2O199.8kg·hm-2)对旱地冬小麦主要生育时期土壤硝态氮运移的影响。结果表明:开花期、灌浆期,在各水分条件下,0~80cm土层土壤硝态氮平均含量及积累量在Y1施肥量水平下与不施肥处理(Y0)差异不显着,Y2、Y3水平较Y0和Y1硝态氮平均含量增加98.6%~363.6%(P<0.05),硝态氮积累量增加98.2%~260.9%,Y3与Y2无显着差异;施肥量的增加对80~160cm土层土壤硝态氮含量及累积量无显着影响。在生育期补灌100mm(R3)、78mm(R2)、56mm(R1)条件下,冬小麦成熟期3个施肥量80~160cm土层的土壤硝态氮累积量较不补灌(R0)分别减少27.2%~41.0%、44.8%~48.4%、23.7%~49.4%,较高的水分条件加剧了土壤硝态氮向深层的淋溶。从满足冬小麦营养需求、减少土壤硝态氮的累积、提高肥料利用效率等方面综合考虑,冬小麦的适宜施肥量为Y2水平。

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