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咸阳市郊菜地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染研究

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2014.10.006, PP. 1912-1919

Keywords: 邻苯二甲酸酯,污染,土壤,菜地,咸阳市郊

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Abstract:

选择咸阳市郊4块典型菜地,采集59个表层土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析了土壤中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DnBP)、邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸正二辛酯(DnOP)6种美国环境保护部(USEPA)优控的PAEs含量,研究了土壤中PAEs的分布特征、构成特征、环境来源及污染水平。结果表明,咸阳市郊菜地土壤中这6种PAEs均有不同程度的检出,检出率为DMP(100%)=DnBP(100%)>DEHP(98%)>BBP(80%)>DnOP(66%)>DEP(52%);单个PAEs化合物含量从未检出到6313.36μg·kg-1,含量顺序为DnBP>DEHP>DMP>DnOP>BBP>DEP;6种PAEs总量(∑6PAEs)在128.60~10288.42μg·kg-1之间,平均含量为632.10μg·kg-1;不同菜地土壤中∑6PAEs含量顺序为曹家寨>郭村>八兴滩>东张村。与国内外已有研究结果比较发现,咸阳市郊菜地土壤中PAEs含量处于中等水平,土壤中PAEs主要以DnBP、DEHP和DMP为主。主成分分析和聚类分析表明,咸阳市郊菜地土壤中DEHP和DnBP主要来源于地膜的使用,DMP、DEP、BBP和DnOP与个人护肤品、化妆品及室内装修材料有关。根据美国纽约州土壤PAEs控制和治理标准,咸阳市郊菜地土壤中DMP和DnBP分别有100%和85%的样品超过该控制标准,是主要控制污染物,但均未超过该治理标准。

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