Lal R B, Kissel D E, Cabreraa M L, et al. Kinetics of urea hydrolysis in wheat residue[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25(8):1033-1036.
[2]
Tian G M, Cao J L, Cai Z C, et al. Ammonia volatilization from winterwheat field top dressed with urea[J]. Pedosphere, 1998, 8(4):331-336.
[3]
朱兆良, 文启孝. 中国土壤氮素[M]. 南京:江苏科技出版社, 1992:171-185. ZHU Zhao-liang, WEN Qi-xiao. Soil nitrogen in China[M]. Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1992, 171-185.
[4]
朱兆良.我国土壤供氮和化肥氮去向研究的进展[J].土壤, 1985, 17(1):2-9. ZHU Zhao-liang. Progress of soil nitrogen and fertilizer for the whereahous of the study[J]. Soil, 1985, 17(1):2-9.
[5]
Sigunga D O, Janssen B H , Oenema O. Ammonia volatilization from Vertisols[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2002, 53(2):195-202.
[6]
Bussink D W. Relationships between ammonia volatilization and nitrogen fertilizer application rate, intake and excretion of herbage nitrogen by cattle on grazed swards[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1994 , 38(2):111-121.
[7]
Marcote I, Hernndez T, Garcia C, et al. Influence of one or two successive annual applications of organic fertilizers on the enzyme activity of a soil under barley cultivation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2001, 79(2):147-154.
[8]
Xu J G, Heeraman D A, Wang Y. Fertilizer and temperature effects on urea hydrolysis in undisturbed soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1993, 16 (1):63-65.
[9]
朱兆良. 农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J]. 土壤与环境, 2009, 9(1):1-6. ZHU Zhao-liang. Loss of fertilizer N from plants-soil system and the strategies and techniques for its reduction[J]. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2009, 9( 1):1-6.
[10]
Shahandeh H, Cabrera M L, Sumner M E. Ammonia volatilization from urea, ammonium sulfate and NutraSweet sludge in bare and straw-covered soils[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1992, 23(7-8):775-786.
[11]
Dong W X, Hu C S, Zhang Y M, et al. Ammonia volatilization from urea incorporation with wheat and maize straw on a loamy soil in China[C]//The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium. Davis:Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, 2009.
[12]
Wang J, Wang D J, Zhang G, et al. Effect of wheat straw application on ammonia volatilization from urea applied to a paddy field[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2012, 94(1):73-84.
[13]
Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M. Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems:A review[J]. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Chance, 2006, 11(2):395-419.
[14]
Knowles O A, Robinson B H, Contangelo A, et al. Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, 409(17):3206-3210.
[15]
Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough T J, Sherlock R R, et al. A wood based low-temperature biochar captures NO3-N generated from ruminant urine-N, retaining its bioavailability[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 353(1-2):73-84.
[16]
Chen C R, Phillips I R, Condron L M, et al. Impacts of greenwaste biochar on ammonia volatilization from bauxite processing residue sand[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 367(1-2):301-312.
[17]
Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough T J, Sherlock R R, et al. Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 350(1-2):57-69.
[18]
Xu M G, Lou Y L, Sun X L, et al. Soil organic carbon active fractions as early indicators for total carbon change under straw incorporation[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2011, 47(7):745-752.
[19]
周 伟, 田玉华, 曹彦圣, 等. 两种氨挥发测定方法的比较研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(5):1090-1095. ZHOU Wei, TIAN Yu-hua, CAO Yan-sheng, et al. A comparative study on two methods for determination of ammonia volatization[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2011, 47 (7):745-752.
[20]
关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究方法[M]. 北京:农业出版社, 1986:274-338. GUAN Song-yin. Soil enzyme and research methods[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Press, 1986:274 -338.
[21]
蒋朝晖, 曾清如, 方 至, 等. 不同温度下施入尿素后土壤短期内pH的变化和氨气释放特性[J]. 土壤通报, 2004, 35(3):299-302. JIANG Zhao-hui, ZENG Qing-ru, FANG Zhi, et al. Short-term changes of pH and volatilization of ammonia from urea fertilizer in soil under different temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2004, 35(3):299-302.
[22]
Dancer W S, Peterson L A, Chesters G. Ammonification and nitrification of N ass influenced by soil pH and previous N treatments[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1973, 37(1):67-69.
[23]
杨淑莉, 朱安宁, 张佳宝, 等. 不同施氮量和施氮方式下田间氨挥发损失及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2010, 27(3):415-421. YANG Shu-li, ZHU An-ning, ZHANG Jia-bao, et al. Ammonia volatilization loss and its affecting factors under different amounts and ways of N application in field[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2010, 27(3):415-421.
[24]
黄 华, 黄懿梅, 刘学玲, 等. 覆盖处理对猪粪秸秆堆肥中氮素转化和堆肥质量的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013, 33(3):780-786. HUANG Hua, HUANG Yi-mei, LIU Xue-ling, et al. Effect of covering on nitrogen transformation and the quality of pig manure-straw compost[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(3):780-786.
[25]
杨 帆, 李飞跃, 赵 玲, 等. 生物炭对土壤氨氮转化的影响研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(5):1016-1020. YANG Fan, LI Fei-yue, ZHAO Ling, et al. Influence of biochar on the transformation of ammonia nitrogen in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(5):1016-1020.
[26]
Yang Y G, Yan J L, Ding C. Effects of biochar amendment on the dynamics of enzyme activities from a paddy soil polluted by heavy metals[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012(610-613):2129-2133.
[27]
Wu F P, Jia Z K, Wang S G, et al. Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49(5):555-565.
[28]
凌 慧. 免耕与秸秆施用对农田土壤呼吸、硝化和反硝化作用的影响[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学, 2012:23-24. LING Hui. Effect of no-tillage and straw addition on respiration rate, nitrification and denitrification in farmland soil[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2012:23-24.
[29]
Ball P N, MacKenzie M D, DeLuca T H, et al. Wildfire and charcoal enhance nitrification and ammonium-oxidizing bacterial abundance in dry montane forest soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(4):1243-1253.
[30]
Wang J Z, Hu Z Y, Zhou X Q, et al. Effects of reed straw, zeolite, and superphosphate amendments on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from stored duck manure[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2012, 41(4):1221-1227.
[31]
Steiner C, Das K C, Melear N, et al. Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39 (4):1236-1242.
[32]
Berglund L M, DeLuca T H, Zackrisson O. Activated carbon amendments to soil alters nitrification rates in Scots pine forests[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004, 36(12):2067-2073.
[33]
Kookana R S, Sarmah A K, Van Zwieten L, et al. Biochar application to soil:Agronomic and environmental benefits and unintended consequences[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2011, 112(10):103-143.
[34]
Lehmann J, Rillig M C, Thies J, et al. Biochar effects on soil biota:A review[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43(9):1812-1836.
[35]
Streubel J D, Collins H P, Garcia-Perez M, et al. Influence of contrasting biochar types on five soils at increasing rates of application[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011, 75(4):1402-1413.
