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有机无机肥长期定位试验土壤小麦季氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究

Keywords: 长期定位试验,小麦,氨挥发,施肥

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Abstract:

氨挥发是肥料氮素损失的重要途径之一,损失率因土壤类型、气候条件、肥料用量、施肥时间和方式等不同而存在很大差异。为了筛选提高氮肥利用率的肥料运筹方式,本文利用长期定位试验平台,采用间歇密闭通气法,研究了有机无机肥长期施用条件下小麦季土壤氨挥发损失及其影响因素。结果表明,不同肥料种类和配施强烈地影响着土壤氨挥发,在150kgN·hm-2用量下小麦季氨挥发损失量以NK和有机肥处理为最高,分别达到17.89和15.70kgN·hm-2,占氮肥用量的10.47%~11.93%,显著高于NPK、NP和有机无机肥配施(1/2OM)处理。土壤氨挥发速率与气温呈显著正相关,基肥施用后灌水可以有效地降低氨挥发损失。NPK肥料平衡施用或者有机无机肥配施可以减少氨挥发损失。

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