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不同施氮水平对春玉米氮素利用及土壤硝态氮残留的影响

Keywords: 春玉米,氮素利用效率,硝态氮,氮平衡

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Abstract:

过量施用氮肥造成的环境问题日益严重,氮肥合理使用成为了人们研究的热点。通过研究不同施氮水平对春玉米氮素利用及土壤硝态氮残留的影响,为氮肥的合理利用提供依据。通过在北京市通州区农业技术推广站进行田间小区试验,研究了不同施氮量(0、50、100、200和300kg·hm-2)对春玉米产量及氮素利用效率、氮平衡和土壤硝态氮累积量的影响。结果表明:(1)春玉米在施氮量为200kg·hm-2时达到最高产量,为9006.4kg·hm-2,不同氮肥水平的氮肥利用率在19.7%~25.8%之间,在100kg·hm-2时的利用效率最高,达到25.8%。(2)作物吸氮量随输入量的增加而增加,氮盈余主要以土壤残留为主,表观损失在氮盈余中的比例虽小,但随施氮量的增加而增加的趋势更加明显。(3)硝态氮在180cm土层中的累积量随氮素输入量的增加而显著增加,在300kg·hm-2时达到最高值,为195kg·hm-2,在施氮水平为100kg·hm-2时作物生长的需要就基本上能够得到满足,而在高施氮水平下(200和300kg·hm-2)时土壤中的硝态氮出现富集现象,对环境形成一定的威胁。

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