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全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷羧酸在天津大黄堡湿地地区鱼体和蔬菜中的分布研究

Keywords: 全氟化合物,组织分配,生物转移系数,生物富集系数

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Abstract:

对天津市大黄堡湿地自然保护区的池塘水体、两种常见鱼体(鲤鱼和鲶鱼)和两种蔬菜(大白菜和萝卜)的不同组织以及两种蔬菜根际土中的全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的污染水平进行了调查,并计算了生物富集(迁移)系数,分析比较了陆生植物与水生生物的富集规律。研究表明,在池塘水体中,PFOA的浓度为22.0±1.3ng·L-1(n=3),PFOS为8.4±0.6ng·L-1(n=3)。在鱼体中,PFOA的检出浓度均低于PFOS,说明PFOA具有较低的生物富集能力;PFOS在鲤鱼和鲶鱼中的最高浓度均出现在肝脏中,分别为17.8、21.7ng·kg-1(湿重,WT),组织分布的变化趋势均表现为肝脏>肾脏>肉(腮)。在两种蔬菜中,PFOA和PFOS最高浓度均出现在大白菜的地下部分(菜根),浓度分别为0.84、0.42μg·kg-1(WT)。鱼体对目标化合物的富集系数为1.7~2588,远高于蔬菜的富集(迁移)系数,0.01~0.59;水溶性较大的PFOA在蔬菜中转移系数大于PFOS,在鱼体中的富集系数却小于PFOS。对该地区的两种蔬菜和两种鱼的风险暴露进行了初步评价,鲤鱼对人体每日可贡献2.6ngPFOA和104ngPFOS;而鲶鱼的贡献量分别为1.7ng和39ng。大白菜和萝卜对人体中PF

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