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两种水稻生产方式的生命周期环境影响评价

Keywords: 生命周期评价,环境影响,水稻

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Abstract:

以湖南水稻生产体系为例,应用生命周期评价方法,对两种水稻生产方式进行生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放清单分析,在此基础上进行了生命周期环境影响评价。结果表明,两种生产管理措施下潜在环境影响较大的均是富营养化、水体毒素、土壤毒素和环境酸化,其中传统生产方式下4项潜在环境影响指数分别为1.606、0.868、0.309和0.262,推荐生产方式下各项环境影响指数分别下降至1.277、0.489、0.260和0.211。经加权评估后,两种模式的生命周期环境影响综合指数分别为0.3634和0.2676。潜在富营养化主要来自于作物种植阶段农田NH3挥发和NO3-N淋失;水体毒素和土壤毒素主要来自农药使用;环境酸化主要来自施氮导致的NH3挥发和农用化学品生产中排放的SOx。水稻生产的管理方式需要在推荐生产方式的基础上做重大改进,实施清洁生产方式,减少氮肥、农药的使用量,是控制水稻生命周期环境影响的关键。

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