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冬小麦-夏玉米一体化垄作覆盖下农田土壤呼吸变化研究

Keywords: 冬小麦,夏玉米,垄作覆盖,土壤呼吸

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Abstract:

农田土壤呼吸释放CO2过程加强是导致全球气候变暖的重要途径。通过大田原位实验,研究了雨养条件下垄作覆盖保护性耕作技术条件对土壤呼吸季节性和作物生育后期日变化的影响。结果表明,冬小麦从越冬期到灌浆期,不同处理的土壤呼吸值均以垄作覆盖值最高,平作覆盖次之,平作的值最小,平作处理与其他处理间均达到极显著差异。灌浆期各处理土壤呼吸值达到最大,分别为4.95、4.69、4.4、2.61μmol·m-2·s-1;成熟期各处理间大小顺序依次为:平作覆盖处理>垄作覆盖处理>垄作处理>平作处理,平作覆盖与垄作覆盖分别与其他两个处理间达到极显著差异。玉米不同生育时期垄作覆盖处理土壤呼吸值均高于其他处理,平作处理的值最低,不同生育时期垄作覆盖与平作均达到极显著差异,不同处理在夏玉米抽雄期土壤呼吸值最高,成熟期最低。从冬小麦和夏玉米生长后期土壤温度(X)与土壤呼吸强度(Y)日变化看,两者呈显著线形关系,其直线回归方程分别为:Y=0.1704X-0.6372(R2=0.882**),Y=0.1039X+1.2073(R2=0.8802**)。显然,同传统的种植模式相比,雨养条件下垄作秸秆覆盖保护性耕作技术模式增大了向大气环境释放CO2温室气体的数量。

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