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黄淮海平原小麦保护性耕作对土壤动物总量和多样性的影响

Keywords: 保护性耕作,土壤动物,耕作方式,秸秆覆盖,冗余分析

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Abstract:

强度的耕作管理使土壤生物多样性下降,也使农业可持续发展面临困难,而实行保护性耕作可以缓解这一问题。通过调查小麦季保护性耕作下土壤动物群落结构,分析了耕作方式和秸秆覆盖对土壤动物群落的影响,采用冗余分析(RDA)并设置协变量的方法对土壤动物数量变异进行了研究。结果表明,弹尾目和蜱螨目是土壤动物优势类群,两者数量之和占总数比例约为80%,土壤动物在表层(0~10cm)分布较大,约占总数的75%。土壤动物类群数免耕高于翻耕,覆盖量越大,个体数量越多。免耕在小麦拔节期有更高的多样性指数,但在成熟期土壤动物优势类群明显,多样性指数下降。相似性指数表现为土壤动物类群对环境具有选择性,翻耕和免耕之间类群差异较大。耕作方式、覆盖数量、土壤层次和时间共解释了土壤动物数量变异量的28.7%,其中时间占最大的变异量,为12.2%,其次是秸秆覆盖处理(8.7%)和土壤层次(6.4%)。耕作方式直接解释的变异量较小,但耕作方式显著影响了秸秆覆盖的作用形式,进一步影响了土壤动物的垂直分布状况。

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