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北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价

Keywords: 多环芳烃,暴露,健康风险评价,北京

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Abstract:

我国北方地区多环芳烃(PAHs)污染严重,为了定量研究PAHs对人群的健康风险,以北京地区人群为研究对象,以美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)的多途径-多介质暴露模型为框架,计算各年龄亚群通过14种暴露途径对PAHs的暴露量。结果表明,儿童、青少年和成人对15种PAH化合物(PAH15)的日均暴露量分别为1.83、1.44、1.20μg·kg-1·d-1。暴露途径中食物暴露为主导(占88.7%),其次是呼吸暴露(6.3%)和皮肤暴露(4.9%)。终身暴露量的81%来自成人阶段。3环、4环、5环和6环化合物对总暴露谱的贡献依次减少。不确定分析结果表明,至少50%人群对PAH15暴露量在2~4μg·kg-1·d-1范围内,暴露量极高和极低的人均很少。健康风险评价结果表明,北京人群由于PAHs暴露引起的平均致癌风险为3.1×10-5a-1,根据动态预期寿命损失方法来估算健康风险,北京地区人群由于PAH15终生暴露所导致的预期寿命损失为193min。PAHs对北京人群健康的影响不容忽略。

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