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广东稻田氮素径流流失特征

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2015.04.018

Keywords: 稻田 养分径流 氮负荷 广东

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Abstract:

2008-2012年间,对分布于粤中、粤北和粤西的增城、清远和高州三个稻田试验点进行了连续5年的径流养分定点监测试验,研究当地农户常规施肥模式下稻田氮素养分的径流流失特征及其潜在环境风险。径流监测结果表明,三个试验点的稻田径流事件主要发生在早稻季节。增城、清远和高州试验点施肥处理铵态氮浓度分别为0.05~25.05、0.02~19.83 mg·L-1和0.02~55.4 mg·L-1,总氮浓度分别为0.33~36.51、0.46~21.01 mg·L-1和0.49~61.96 mg·L-1。结果显示,施肥明显增加径流水铵态氮和总氮含量,施氮后10 d内径流水铵态氮和总氮浓度均高于地表水Ⅴ类水标准(2.0 mg·L-1),具有一定的环境污染风险;施氮对径流水硝态氮浓度具有一定影响,三个试验点径流水硝态氮浓度均在10 mg·L-1的地表水标准限值内;稻田氮年流失负荷表现出时空差异性大的特点,增城、清远和高州试验点施肥处理总氮年流失负荷分别为24.31~53.68 kg·hm-2、8.71~23.76 kg·hm-2和13.32~88.16 kg·hm-2,相应氮流失系数为1.4%~3.9%、0.1%~5.5%和0.9%~21.6%。不同稻季总氮流失分析显示,53%~86%的总氮流失负荷发生在早稻季,与本地区降雨时间分布有直接关系

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