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海洋科学  2012 

尾索动物线粒体基因组特征比较及分子系统发育

, PP. 30-37

Keywords: 尾索动物,线粒体基因组,基因排列,分子标记,分子系统发育

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Abstract:

为全面揭示尾索动物线粒体基因组的基本特征,作者系统分析了12种尾索动物的线粒体基因组全序列,尾索动物线粒体基因组所有的基因均在同一链上编码,这与脊椎动物、头索动物线粒体基因组的基因分布特征显著不同。与后生动物线粒体基因组标准的基因组成相比,尾索动物线粒体基因组存在转运RNA基因的增加以及部分物种atp8基因的缺失。在尾索动物线粒体基因组中发生了大规模的基因重排,即使在同属物种的线粒体基因组中,也存在主编码基因的基因重排及基因缺失。尾索动物线粒体基因组蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子、终止密码子及氨基酸长度存在明显差异。2个玻璃海鞘(Cionaintestinalis和C.savignyi)线粒体基因组12个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks比值都低于1(0.0927~0.6752),显示出一定的负选择。在所有的主编码基因中,nad5基因和nad4基因的变异位点最多,可以作为备选的分子标记,用于分析尾索动物不同物种之间的生物多样性。基于线粒体基因组的系统发育分析,支持尾索动物在科级的亲缘关系为:(((柄海鞘科Pyuridae+芋海鞘科Styelidae)+(((三段海鞘科Polyclinidae+星骨海鞘科Didemnidae)+簇海鞘科Clavelinidae)+玻璃海鞘科Cionidae))+长纹海鞘科Ascidiidae)+海樽科Doliolidae。

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