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海洋科学  2010 

氨氮对文蛤存活及能量收支的影响

, PP. 40-46

Keywords: 文蛤(Meretrix,meretrix),氨氮胁迫,安全质量浓度,能量收支,生长余力

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Abstract:

在实验室条件下,研究了氨氮(NH3-N)对文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)的急性毒性作用以及对其能量收支的影响。实验结果表明:在水温(24.5±0.5)℃,盐度21.5,pH8.00的条件下,文蛤(壳长3.85~4.35cm)死亡率随着氨氮质量浓度、胁迫时间的增加而增加(P<0.05)。96h文蛤死亡率与添加氨氮(NH3-Nt)质量浓度对数的回归方程为Y=2.3787x+0.3246(R2=0.9789),文蛤对总氨氮(NH3-Nt)或分子氨(NH3-Nm)的安全浓度(SC96h)为9.237mg/L或0.418mg/L;随着环境中添加氨氮(NH3-Nt)质量浓度的不断上升(0,0.5,1,2,4,9,18,36mg/L),文蛤摄食能不断下降,呼吸能和排泄能则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势;当总氨氮(NH3-Nt)在0~2mg/L(或NH3-Nm≤0.090mg/L)时,文蛤的生长余力没有显著变化(P﹥0.05);当总氨氮(NH3-Nt)≥4mg/L(或NH3-Nm≥0.181mg/L)时,文蛤的生长余力显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,文蛤养殖环境中的NH3-Nt或NH3-Nm应控制在2mg/L或0.090mg/L以下水平。

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