GongGC,Shiah FK,Liu K K,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of chlorophyll-a,primary productivity and chemical hydrography in the southern East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2000,20:411-436.
Liu K K,Chao S Y,Shaw P T,et al.Monsoonforced chlorophyll distribution and primary production in the South China Sea:observations and a numerical study[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ,2002,49:1 387-1 412.
[10]
Falkowski P G,Barber R T,Smetacek V.Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production[J].Science,1998,281:200-206.
[11]
Platt T.Physiological bases of phytoplankton ecology[J].Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,1981,210:341-346.
[12]
Cullen J J.The deep chlorophyll maximum:Comparing vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a[J].Can J Fish aquat Sciences,1982,39:791-803.
[13]
Herbland A,Voiruriez B.Hydrological structure analysis for estimating the primary production in the tropical Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Marine Research,1979,37:87-101.
[14]
Longhurst A R,Herman A W.Do oceanic zooplankton aggregate at or near the deep chlorophyll maximum[J].Journal of Marine Research,1981,39:353-356.
[15]
Marra J,Wiebe P H,Bishop J K B,et al.Primary production and grazing in the plankton of the Panama Bight[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1987,40:255-270.
[16]
Dandonneau Y.Concentrations en chlorophylle dans le Pacifique tropical sud-ouest:comparison avecdlautres aires oceaniques tropicales[J].Oceanologica Acta,1979,2:133-142.
[17]
Sarma V V,Kumar V A.Subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the northwestern Bay of Bengal[J].Journal of Plankton Research,1991,13:339-352.
[18]
Murty V S N,Gupta G V M,et al.Effect of vertical stability and circulation on the depth of the chlorophyll maximum in the Bay of Bengal during MayJune,1996[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ,2000,47:859-873.
[19]
Mackey D J.Plankton productivity and biomass in the western equatorial Pacific:Biological and physical controls[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,1995,42(2-3):499-533.
[20]
Longhurst A R,Harrison W G.The biological pump:profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean[J].Prog Oeeanog,1989,22:47-123.
[21]
Radenac M H,Rodier M.Nitrate and chlorophyll distributions in relation to thermohaline and current structures in the western tropical Pacific during1985-1989[J].Deep-Sea Research,1996,43(4-6):725-752.
[22]
Chavez F P,Buck K R,Service S K,et al.Phytoplankton variability in the central and eastern tropical Pacific[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,1996,43 (4-6):835-870.
[23]
Martin J H.Coale K H,Johnson K S,et al.Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean[J].Nature,1994,371:123-129.
[24]
Lindley S T,Bidigare R R,Barber R T.Phytoplankton phyotosyntheses parameters along 140° W in the equatorial Pacific[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,1995,42:441-464.
[25]
Sathyendrnath S,Longhurst A,Caverhill C M,et al.Regionally and seasonally differentiated primary production in the North Atlantic[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ,1995,42(10):1 773-1 802.
[26]
Leonard C L,Bidigare R R,Michael M P,et al.Interannual mesoscale physical and biological variability in the North Pacific Central Gyre[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001,49:227-244.
[27]
Eppley R W,Renger E H.A study of plankton dynamics and nutrient cycling in the central gyre of the north Pacific Ocean[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1973,18:534-551.
[28]
Shulenberger E.The deep chlorophyll maximum and mesoscale environmental heterogeneity in the western half of the Norht Pacific central gyre[J].Deep-Sea Research,1978,25:1 193-1 208.
[29]
Menzel D W,Ryther J H.The annual cycle of primary production in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda[J].Deep-Sea Research,1960,6:250-258.
[30]
Steele J H.A Study of Production in the Gulf of Mexico[J].Journal of Marine Research,1964,22(3):211-222.
[31]
Bienfang P K.Phytoplankton sinking rates in Oligotrophic Waters off Hawaii,USA[J].Marine Biology,1980,61:69-77.
[32]
Dandonneaua Y,Deschamps P Y,Nicolas J M,et al.Seasonal and interannual variability of ocean color and composition of phytoplankton communities in the North Atlantic,equatorial Pacific and South Pacific[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,2004,51:303-318.
[33]
MartinJ H,Fitzwater S E.Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic[J].Nature,1988,331:341-343.
[34]
Martin J H,Gordon R M,Fitzwater S Z.Iron in Antarctic water[J].Nature,1990,345:156-158.
[35]
Booth B C.Size classes and major taxonomic groups of phytoplankton at two locations in the subarctic Pacific Ocean in May and August,1984[J].Marine Biology,1988,97:275-286.
[36]
Boyd P,Harrison P J.Phytoplankton dynamics in the NE subarctic Pacific[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,1999,46:2 405-2 432.
[37]
Fiala M,Machado M C,Oriol L.Phytoplankton distribution in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during spring[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,2002,49:1 867-1 880.
[38]
Warda P,Whitehousea M,Mereditha M,et al.The Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front:physical and biological coupling at South Georgia[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ,2000,49:2 183-2 202.
[39]
Wright S W,Rick L,van den Enden R L.Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the East Antarctic marginal ice zone(BROKE survey,JanuaryMarch 1996) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment signatures[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,2000,47:2 363-2 400.
[40]
Goffart A,Catalano G,Hecq J H.Factors controlling the distribution of diatoms and Phaeocystis in the Ross Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2000,27:161-175.
[41]
Stig F P,Hop H,Budgell W P,et al.Physical and ecological processes in the marginal ice zone of the northern Barents Sea during the summer melt period[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2000,27:131-159.
[42]
Heiskanen A S,Keck A.Distribution and sinking rates of phytoplankton,detritus,and particulate biogenic silica in the Laptev Sea and Lena River(Arctic Siberia)[J].Marine Chemistry,1996,53:229-245.
[43]
Raquel M,Gonzalez H,Borrego S A.Chlorophyll profiles and the water column structure in the Gulf of California[J].Oceanologica Acta,2001,24:19-28.
[44]
Estrada M.Deep phytoplankton and chlorophyll maxima in the western Mediterranean[A].Aposopoulou M M,Kiortsis V.Meditrrranean Marine Ecosystems[C].New York:Plenum,1985.247-277.
[45]
Estrada M,Marrase C.Variability of deep chlorophyll maximum characteristics in the Northwestern Mediterranean[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1993,92:289-300.
[46]
Ediger D,Yilmaz A.Characteristics of deep chlorophyll maximum in the Northeastern Mediterranean with respect to environmental conditions[J].Journal of Marine Systems,1996,9:291-303.
[47]
Pavelson J,Kononen K,Laanemets J.Chlorophyll distribution patchiness caused by hydrodynamical processes:a case study in the Baltic Sea[J].Journal of Marine Science,1999,56(Supplement):87-99.
[48]
Probyn T A,Mitchell-Innes B A,Searson S.Primary productivity and nitrogen uptake in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum on the Eastern Agulhas Bank[J].Continental Shelf Research,1995,15:1903-1920.
[49]
Morales C E,.Blanco J L,Braun M,et al.Chlorophyll-a distribution and associated oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile during the winter and spring 1993[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ,1996,43 (3):267-289.
[50]
Laborde P,Urrutia J,Valencia V.Seasonal variability of primary production in the Cap-Ferret Canyon area(Bay of Biscay)during the ECOFER cruises[J].Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,1999,46:2 057-2 079.
[51]
Fichez R,Jickells TD,Edmunds H M.Algal blooms in the high turbidity,a result of the conflicting consequences of turbulence on nutrient cycling in a shallow water estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1992,35:577-592.
[52]
Cole B E,Cloern J E.Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1984,17:15-24.
[53]
Grobelaar J V.Modelling phytoplankton productivity in turbid waters with small euphotic to mixing depth ratios[J].Journal of Plankton Research,1990,12:923-931.
[54]
Yentsch C S.Distribution of chlorophyll and phaeophytin in the open ocean[J].Deep-Sea Research,1965,12:653-666.
[55]
Venrick E L,McGowan J A,Mantyla A W.Deep chlorophyll maximum of photosynthetic chlorophyll in the Pacific[J].Ocean Fisheries Bulletin,1973,71:41-52.
[56]
Hayward T L,Venrick E L,McGowan J A.Environmental heterogeneity and plankton community structure in the central North Pacific[J].Journal of Marine Research,1983,41:711-729.
[57]
Furuya K.Subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the tropical and subtropical western Pacific Ocean:vertical profiles of phytoplankton biomass and its relationship with chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon[J].Marine Biology,1990,107:529-539.
[58]
Sverdrup H U.On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton[J].J du Conseil,1953,18:287-295.