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强酸性高浓度含砷废水处理方法与经济性评价

Keywords: 硫化物沉淀,中和沉淀,强酸性含砷废水,Ca(OH)2-Fe(Ⅱ)共沉淀

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Abstract:

研究了硫化物沉淀和中和沉淀工艺对强酸性体系下As(Ⅲ)和As(V)处理效果,考察了沉淀剂种类与投量、酸度(或平衡pH)等因素对除砷效果的影响,结合共沉淀产物的元素组成与价态分析探讨了2种工艺的除砷机理。研究表明,硫化物沉淀对As(Ⅲ)去除效果优于As(V),且As(V)去除过程中存在As(V)转化为As(Ⅲ)的还原过程;中和沉淀对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)去除率均可达到98%以上,但不存在砷形态转化过程。进一步以云南某硫精制酸化工厂实际含砷废水为对象,研究了硫化物沉淀(以Na2S为硫源)、中和共沉淀(Fe(Ⅲ)-Ca(OH)2,Fe(Ⅲ)-NaOH,单独Ca(OH)2和Ca(OH)2-Fe(Ⅱ)等)除砷效果和处理成本,发现上述几种工艺砷去除率均可达到99.0%左右;Na2S共沉淀法处理成本最高,单独Ca(OH)2成本最低但废渣产生量大;Ca(OH)2-Fe(Ⅱ)可在不大幅提高成本的基础上确保处理效果并降低废渣产生量。在工程中应综合原水水质特点、处理水质目标、可接受的处理成本以及含砷废渣处置要求等,确定最佳的处理技术方案。

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