全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

抗生素类污染物对活性污泥生物毒性测定方法的筛选与评价

Keywords: 抗生素,脱氢酶活性,呼吸速率,发光细菌,生长抑制

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

尽管衡量化学物质生物毒性的标准方法很多,但关于环境中抗生素类污染物的生物毒性及其对污泥活性影响的科学数据较少。以磺胺和四环素两类作用机理和作用谱带不同的抗生素为研究对象,分别用发光细菌法、脱氢酶活性法、生长抑制法及呼吸速率法进行了抗生素类污染物生物毒性测定方法的筛选与评价。结果表明,发光细菌标准方法中30min的作用时间太短,延长作用时间不仅导致各种抗生素的EC50值大幅度降低,同时毒性排列顺序也发生了改变;以活性污泥为对象的脱氢酶活性和呼吸速率抑制实验的EC50值与抗生素类物质对敏感致病菌的MICs相比异常高,不适宜于作为单独方法准确评估抗生素类污染物的生物毒性。生长抑制实验中,活性污泥混合菌种增殖生长对磺胺类抗生素敏感,而假单胞杆菌对四环素类抗生素敏感。不同方法测定抗生素毒性的灵敏度顺序是发光细菌(24h)>生长抑制(7h)>呼吸速率(24h)>脱氢酶活性(24h)。用标准方法评价抗生素类污染物的生物毒性,可能导致对抗生素排放到水环境中所带来的风险估计不足。

References

[1]  Halling-Sorensen B. Inhibition of aerobic growth and nitrification of bacteria in sewage sludge by antibacterial agents. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,2001, 40(4):451-60
[2]  杨先乐,陆承平,战文斌,等. 新编渔药手册. 北京:中国农业出版社,2005
[3]  Wolfdang Tappe, Christiane Zarfl, Sirgit Kummer, et al. Growth-inhibitory effects of sulfonamides at different pH: Dissimilar susceptibility patterns of a soil bacterium and a test bacterium used for antibiotic assays. Chemosphere, 2008, 72(5): 836-843
[4]  Martinez J. L. Environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants. Environmental Pollution,2009,157(11): 2893-2902
[5]  王家玲. 环境微生物学(第2版). 北京:高等教育出版社
[6]  R.Del Pozo, Diez. Organic matter removal in combined anaerobic-aerobic fixed film bioreaetors. Water Science and Technology, 2003,37(15):3561-3568
[7]  Richard H. Lindberg, Karin Bjrklund, Per Rendahl, et al. Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics in the Swedish environment with emphasis on sewage treatment plants. Water Research,2007,41(3):613-619
[8]  Nolwenn Prado, Juan Ochoa, Abdeltif Amrane. Biodegradation and biosorption of tetracycline and tylosin antibiotics in activated sludge system. Process Biochemistry, 2009,44(11): 1302-1306
[9]  Louvet J.N., Giammarino C., Potier O., et al. Adverse effects of erythromycin on the structure and chemistry of activated sludge. Environmental Pollution,2010,158(3):688-693
[10]  Carucci A., Cappai G.,Piredda M. Biodegradability and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in biological wastewater treatment plants. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 2006,41(9):1831-1842
[11]  Jean-Nol Louvet, Yannick Heluin, Ghania Attik, et al. Assessment of erythromycin toxicity on activated sludge via batch experiments and microscopic techniques (epifluorescence and CLSM). Process Biochemistry, 2010, 45(11):1787-1794
[12]  Backhaus T., Froehner K., Altenburger R., et al. Toxicity testing with Vibrio Fischeri: A comparison between the long term (24 h) and the short term (30 min) bioassay. Chemosphere,1997,35(12):2925-2938
[13]  李娟英,高峰,陈洁,等. 重金属污染物对活性污泥生物毒性的比较研究. 环境污染与防治,2009,23(12):18-21 Li Juanying, Gao Feng, Chen Jie, et al. Comparative study on the biotoxicity of heavy metals pollutant. Environmental Pollution and Control,2009,23(12):18-21(in Chinese)
[14]  Al-Ahmad A., Daschner F. D., Kümmerer K. Biodegradability of cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1999,37(2):158-163
[15]  Froehner K., Backhaus T., Grimme L. H. Bioassays with Vibrio fischeri for the assessment of delayed toxicity. Chemosphere,2000,40(8): 821-828
[16]  Klaus Kümmerer, Radka Alexy, Jana Hüttig, et al. Standardized tests fail to assess the effects of antibiotics on environmental bacteria. Water Research,2004,38(8):2111-2116
[17]  Halling-Srensen B. Inhibition of aerobic growth and nitrification of bacteria in sewage sludge by antibacterial agents. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001, 40(4): 451-460
[18]  尹军,付瑶,王翠兰,等.活性污泥的基质代谢脱氢酶活性测定.中国给水排水,2002,18(9):50-52 Yin Jun,Fu Yao,Wang Cuilan,et al. Measurement of dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge.China Water and Wastewater,2002,18(9):50-52 (in Chinese)
[19]  Soren Thiele-Bruhn ,Iris-Contanze Beck. Effects of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics on soil microbial activity and microbial biomass. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(4): 457-465
[20]  Kummerer K., Alexy R., Huttig J., et al. Standardized tests fail to assess the effects of antibiotics on environmental bacteria. Water Res., 2004,38(8):2111-2116
[21]  AL-Ahmad A., Daschner F., Kummerer K. Biodegradability of cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999, 37(2): 158-163
[22]  Kümmerer K., Al-Ahmad A., Mersch-Sundermann V. Biodegradability of some antibiotics, elimination of the genotoxicity and affection of wastewater bacteria in a simple test. Chemosphere, 2000, 40(7): 701-710
[23]  Robinson R. S. Assessment of methods for evaluating the treatment of sewage and the effects of industrial discharges.Toxicity Assessment,1998,3(2):17-31

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133