全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

污泥焚烧中Cd形态转化的热力学平衡模拟

Keywords: 污泥,焚烧,,形态,热力学平衡

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

采用热力学平衡分析方法,结合典型污泥成分和焚烧条件预测了污泥焚烧过程中重金属Cd的转化和迁移规律。模拟计算中考虑了主量矿物质与Cl、S对Cd的形态转化的影响。研究结果表明,污泥焚烧过程中,在低温的条件下Cd主要以固体碳酸盐形式存在,随着温度升高,碳酸盐分解为固态CdO,随后有气态Cd(OH)2、Cd和CdO生成,并且在较高温度主要以气态Cd存在。焚烧体系中,矿物质SiO2对Cd的形态转化影响大于其他矿物质,SiO2能与Cd结合生成稳定的CdSiO3,从而可有效抑制含Cd气态污染物的排放。焚烧体系中Cl较易与Cd结合形成CdCl2而导致Cd的挥发,Cl含量的增加促进了Cd在焚烧体系中的挥发。在低温阶段,Cd易与S结合形成固态硫酸盐,抑制了金属的挥发;在高温阶段,金属的形态转化基本不受S的影响,但是可以影响气态金属Cd的生成温度。根据污泥在不同焚烧温度、Cl含量、S含量条件下Cd的不同产物形态,可以对Cd的污染进行有效控制。

References

[1]  Punjak W.A,Uberoi M,Shadman F,High-temperature adsorption of alkali vapors on solid sorbents,AICHE Journal,1989(7).
[2]  Gullett B.K,Raghunathan K,Reduction of coal-based metal emissions by furnace sorbent injection,Energy and Fuels,1994(5).
[3]  Biswas P,Wu C.Y,Control of toxic metal emissions from combustor using sorbents:A review,Journal of the Air And Waste Management Association,1998(2).
[4]  Reis M.F,Sampaio C,Brantes A,Human exposure to heavy metals in the vicinity of Portuguese solid waste incinerators Part 1:Biomonitoring of Pb,Cd and Hg in blood of the general population,International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2007(3-4).
[5]  Marani D,Braguglia C.M,Mininni G,Behaviour of Cd,Cr,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace,Waste Management,2003(2).
[6]  Takahiro M,Yoshizo S,Hidekazu N,Combustion characteristics of sewage sludge in an incineration plant for energy recovery,Fuel Processing Technology,2009(6).
[7]  Tang P,Zhao Y.C,Xia F.Y,Thermal behaviors and heavy metal vaporization of phosphatized tannery sludge in incineration process,Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008(9).
[8]  Toledo J.M,Corella J,Corella L.M,The partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed; 2.Interpretation of results with a conceptual model,Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005(1 -3).
[9]  Frandsen F,Kimd J,Rasmussen P,Trace elements from combustion and gasification of coal; An equilibrium approach,Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1994(3).
[10]  孟韵,张军营,钟秦,煤燃烧过程中有害痕量元素形态分布的化学热力学平衡分析,燃料化学学报,2005(1).
[11]  孟韵,张军营,钟秦,燃煤过程中痕量元素砷和硒形态转化的热力学平衡模拟,环境污染治理技术与设备,2002(9).
[12]  Thompson D,Argent B.B,Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element mobilization under pulverized fuel combustion conditions,Fule,2002(3).
[13]  Zhang Y.G,Chen Y,Meng A.H,Experimental and thermodynamic investigation on transfer of cadmium influenced by sulfur and chlorine during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration,Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008(1 -2).
[14]  Cordon S,McBride B.J,Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications Technical Report.[NASA RP-1311 National Aeronautics and Speac Administration],1996.
[15]  Eriksson G,Thermodynamic studies of high temperature e-quilibrium Ⅲ:SOLGAS,a computer program for calculating composition and heat condition of an equilibrium mixture,Acta Chemica Scandinavica,1971(7).
[16]  Owens T.M,Wu C.Y,Biswas P,An equilibrium analysis for reaction of metal compounds with sorbents in high temperature systems,Chemical Engineering Communications,1995(1).
[17]  Yan R,Gauthier D,Flamant G,Thermodynamic study of the behavior of minor coal elements and their affinities to sulfur during coal combustion,Fuel,1999(15).
[18]  Hooke R,Jeeves T.A,Direct search:Solution of numerical and statistical problems,Journal of the Association forComputing Machinery,1961(2).
[19]  Frandsen F,Erickson T.A,Kuhnel V,Equilibrium speciation of As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb,and Se in oxida-tive thermal conversion of coal:A comparison of thermody-namic packages,Germany:Institut fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstech-nik und Mechanik der Universitaet Karlsruhe(TH),1996.
[20]  Rong Yan,Gauthier D,Flamant G,Partitioning of trace elements in the flue gas from coal combustion,Combustion and Flame,2001(1-2).
[21]  Frandsen F,Kim D.J,Rasmussen P,Trace elements from combustion and gasification of coal:An equilibrium approach,Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1994(3).
[22]  Frandsen F,Trace elements from coal combustion,Technical University of Denmark,Lyngby,1995.
[23]  许志宏,王乐珊,无机热化学数据库,北京:科学出版社,1987.
[24]  陈同斌,黄启飞,高定,郑玉琪,吴吉夫,中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势,环境科学学报,2003(5).
[25]  李季,杨学民,林伟刚,城市生活垃圾焚烧体系化学热力学平衡分析,燃料化学学报,2003(6).
[26]  陈安合,杨学民,林伟刚,生物质燃烧过程中Cl及碱金属逸出的化学热力学平衡分析,过程工程学报,2007(5).
[27]  陈勇,张衍国,李清海,禚玉群,陈昌和,垃圾焚烧中吸附剂对镉进行脱除的热力学平衡研究,燃烧科学与技术,2008(3).
[28]  Wu B,Mulli-functional sorbents.for the removal of sulfur and metallic contaminants from high-temperature gases,Environmental Science and Technology,1995(6).
[29]  Chen J.C,Wey M.Y,Liu Z.S,Adsorption mechanism of heavy metals on sorbents during incineration,Journal of Environmental Engineering,2001(1).
[30]  程俊峰,韩军,刘迎辉,曾汉才,徐明厚,分级燃烧中固体吸附剂对痕量金属排放的影响,环境科学,2001(6).
[31]  Linak W.P,Wendt J.O.L,Toxic metal emissions from incineration; Mechanisms and control,Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1993(2).
[32]  Vassileva S.V,Braekman D.C,Behavior,capture and inertization of some trace elements during combustion of refuse-derived char from municipal solid waste,Fuel,1999(10).
[33]  Sucan K,Durlak A,Pratim B,Equilibrium analysis of the effect of temperature,moisture and sodium content on heavy metal emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators,Journal of Hazardous Materials,1997(1-2).
[34]  Verhulst D,Buekens G,Thermodynamic behaviour of metal chlorides and sulfates under the conductions of incineration furnaces,Environmental Science and Technology,1996(1).
[35]  Zhang Y.G,Li Q.H,Meng A.H,Effects of sulfur compounds on Cd partitioning in a simulated municipal solid waste incineration,Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007(6).

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133