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典型山区SRTM3与ASTERGDEM数据精度对比分析——以青藏高原东麓深切河谷区为例

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.00091, PP. 91-98

Keywords: 精度,SRTM3,ASTERGDEM,误差分布

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Abstract:

目前广泛应用的数字高程模型(DEM)包括SRTM和ASTERGDEM,但在地形影响下,两类数据的误差分布并不均匀。本文选用15万地形图DEM及河流要素作为参照,在青藏高原东麓山区开展实验,分别采用“河流-河谷”位置偏移量与高程中误差来评价两类数据的平面精度与垂直精度,结果表明(1)实验区内SRTM3存在向西南方向的水平位置偏移,平均偏移量为127.8m,ASTERGDEM则以正西方向偏移为主,平均偏移量为104.1m,该区域ASTERGDEM的总体平面精度较好;(2)SRTM3数据样本的绝对误差分布相对集中,高程中误差为35.3m,小于ASTERGDEM样本的高程中误差50.2m,总体垂直精度优于ASTERGDEM;(3)在平均高程大于4500m的高海拔区域,两类数据的中误差与高程值正相关,SRTM3中误差随高程增速较慢,垂直精度较ASTERGDEM高;(4)两组数据垂直精度对坡度有较大依赖性,中误差随坡度近似指数曲线增长,在平缓区域SRTM3中误差小于ASTERGDEM。本研究为该类数据在山区的选用及误差修正提供依据。

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