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-  2006 

中国地貌基本形态DEM的自动划分研究

Keywords: DEM,中国,地貌,分类

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Abstract:

摘要: 我国1∶100万的数字高程模型,是在1∶5万及1∶10万基本地形图上,高精度采集方里网交点高程所构建的1km分辨率地面高程数字矩阵。本文利用该DEM数据及其所派生的多种地貌信息进行地貌形态类型自动划分的技术方法。实验提取地形起伏度、地表切割度、地表粗糙度、高程变异系数、平均坡度、平均高程6个地形因子,并将各因子置于不同的信息层面中,通过主成分分析,ISODATA非监督分类法与Bayesian最大似然监督分类法相结合,对中国地貌的基本形态进行了多维信息综合分类。研究结果表明:①我国1∶100万比例尺DEM在宏观地貌分类方面具有重要的价值和应用潜力;②所提取的地形因子能宏观地反映我国地形的起伏特征,为地貌形态分类提供重要的依据;③采用ISODATA非监督分类法与Bayesian最大似然监督分类法,能有效地实现我国地貌基本形态类型的定量化、自动化划分;④依据数据的统计特征进行分类,较合理地解决了类型模糊的形态实体的归类问题。实验结果不仅揭示了此项技术在地貌形态分类中的巨大潜力,同时对于完善DEM数字地形分析的理论与方法也具有重要的意义。

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