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基于街道空间数据及GPS测量的SRTM-DEM校正和插值细化

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2011.00118, PP. 118-125

Keywords: SRTM,DEM,空间分辨率,误差,细化

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Abstract:

针对城市地区SRTM数字高程模型,本文引入街道空间分布信息作为辅助数据,并结合GPS实地测量,对DEM中具有空间相关性的误差部分进行修正,从而尝试在一定程度上提高SRTM数据的垂直精度和空间分辨率。本文以墨西哥城Xico地区为例,解析SRTMDEM像元分辨率单元内地物表面平均高程值的组成结构;分析形成DEM高程值的地物组分之间的空间关系并根据GPS实地测量数据进行检验;探讨SRTMDEM中具有空间相关性系统偏差的产生原因;计算街道空间分布和SRTM数据中与其具有空间相关性的系统误差之间的定量关系;并评估SRTM数据在该区的总体高程偏差。根据辅助数据与DEM系统误差之间的空间关系,通过GIS空间运算实现SRTMDEM的校正和细化。结果表明,与原始SRTM数据相比,校正细化后的DEM其整体高程偏差,以及与街道建筑结构相关的系统误差,均能够得到一定程度的校正和改进,并能较好地反映城区实际地面高程和城区建筑结构信息。在其他地形数据缺乏情况下,尽管计算结果受SRTM自身数据精度所限,但利用含有空间定位信息的辅助数据,对现有较低空间分辨率的DEM进行误差校正及细化,仍可在一定程度上消减与辅助数据相关的空间误差,提高DEM数据精度,从而为相关研究提供更精确的基础地形资料。

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