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一种面向海量浮动车数据的地图匹配方法

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01143, PP. 1143-1151

Keywords: 地图匹配,网格,隐马尔可夫模型,浮动车,路段转移矩阵

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Abstract:

浮动车数据已广泛应用于交通监管、智能出行、城市规划等领域,地图匹配是浮动车数据关键技术之一,保障匹配算法精度的同时提高匹配效率,是面向海量浮动车数据地图匹配方法的难点。本文提出一种基于HMM(HiddenMarkovModel)的地图匹配模型,相对传统模型尝试了多个方面的改进在发射概率计算中引入航向角变量,并探讨了该变量对模型精度的影响;以格网对路网进行划分,构建哈希索引,实现候选路段快速查找;采用路径无权距离替代路径实际距离,并对路网进行预处理,根据浮动车有限时间内的活动范围构建路段转移矩阵,实现路段转移概率快速计算,以减小路径匹配算法时间复杂度。将模型应用于北京出租车轨迹数据匹配结果表明,对于采样时间间隔在1~120s的浮动车数据模型切实可行。在满足匹配精度应用需求的前提下,模型效率有了较大幅度提升,能有效应用于海量浮动车数据地图匹配。

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