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上海气候空间格局和时间变化研究

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01348, PP. 1348-1354

Keywords: 气候要素,天气现象,空间格局,时间变化,城市气候,上海

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Abstract:

基于上海地区11个气象站气温、降水数据和主要天气现象记录资料,利用气候统计诊断方法研究了上海主要气候要素和天气现象的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明,上海年均气温呈中心城区高、周边郊区低的分布,中心城区与郊区年均温差最大可达0.9℃;降水量在中心城区和南部地区较多,而在北部和西部地区较少;高温日数中心城区明显多于东部和南部沿海,最多相差9.5d;暴雨日数在中心城区和浦东较多,而在西部地区较少;雷暴、大风和大雾日数没有呈现出显著的城郊差异;霾日数在中心城区远高于郊区,最多相差49.2d。1961-2013年间,上海年均气温显著上升,降水量略有增加,高温日数和霾日数分别以2.7d/10a和11.3d/10a的线性趋势增加,暴雨日数呈弱的增加趋势,而雷暴、大风和雾日数在1961-2013年间,分别以1.9、3.7和5.2d/10a的线性趋势减少。

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