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科技导报  2015 

肿瘤的精准医疗:概念、技术和展望

DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.15.001, PP. 14-21

Keywords: 精准医疗,个体化医疗,分子组学,生物标志物检测,病人源性细胞和组织

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Abstract:

精准医疗是指与患者分子生物病理学特征相匹配的个体化诊断和治疗策略。肿瘤为一复杂和多样性疾病,在分子遗传上具有很大异质性,即使相同病理类型的癌症患者,对抗癌药物反应迥异,因此肿瘤学科成为精准医疗的最重要领域之一。组学大数据时代的来临和生物技术的迅速发展奠定了精准医疗的可行性。本文介绍精准和个体化医疗的概念、基础和意义,简述近年来在此领域的最新进展,以及对实施精准医疗的方法和技术进行分析和归纳,首次将其分为间接方法(生物标志物检测及诊断)和直接方法(病人源性细胞和组织在抗癌药物直接筛选的应用),最后扼要阐述精准医疗的前景和面临的挑战。

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