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玉米品种抗倒能力差异及其机制研究

DOI: 10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2014.04.004, PP. 22-30

Keywords: 玉米,抗倒伏,产量

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Abstract:

系统研究不同抗倒伏能力玉米品种茎秆及根系的形态、干物质和生理特性的差异,揭示玉米倒伏机制,为玉米抗倒伏高产栽培和育种提供理论依据。以2012年吉林省主导11个玉米品种为试验材料,在倒伏后第2天调查不同玉米品种的田间倒伏特征及倒伏率,各品种取整株玉米,测定株高、穗位高、气生根数量和质量;对茎秆不同节位进行分割,测定各节间长、粗、鲜质量、干质量、节间强度、木质素、纤维素、可溶性糖及微量元素含量;成熟期测定玉米籽粒产量。结果表明玉米品种‘良玉99’穗位高系数较低,穗位下茎秆平均节间短、节间直径大、单位节间干质量较大,有较强的气生根系统;‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’抗倒伏能力弱于‘良玉99’,但其产量较高,尤其‘郑单958’,倒伏对其产量影响较小。‘良玉99’地上和地下这种双重的优良特性使得其在自然灾害面前表现出超强的抗倒伏能力,但产量仅处于中游水平。结论在选择玉米抗倒伏品种时,应综合考虑形态和生理指标,合理密植、施肥,以降低倒伏的风险,保证玉米生产潜力得到充分发挥。

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