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胜利油田土壤中石油降解菌分离和鉴定及代谢产物的研究

DOI: 10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2013.01.012, PP. 65-71

Keywords: 石油降解菌,鉴定,碳源利用,代谢产物

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Abstract:

从胜利油田29-8#和29-681#油井附近土壤中筛选到13株石油降解菌,并通过重量法测定其石油降解率,再筛选出3株高效降解菌株DH-5、DH-8和DH-9,其降解率均高于40%。通过形态学观察、生理生化试验和16SrDNA序列分析,发现菌株DH-5、DH-8和DH-9分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobactersp.)和克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiellasp.)。进一步研究3株菌株的底物利用能力,且通过气相色谱法分析了原油代谢产物中的脂肪酸含量,发现以常见石油产品和石油中典型烷烃类和芳香烃类化合物为唯一碳源培养时,菌株DH-5在长链烷烃和环烷烃中生长较好,DH-8在多环芳烃中生长较好,而DH-9在低链烷烃和环烷烃中生长较好,3株高效石油降解菌对原油组分利用的广谱性从大到小依次是DH-5、DH-9和DH-8;分析原油代谢产物发现,发酵液中主要的小分子有机酸是乙酸,菌株DH-5和DH-8的发酵液中还含有C8~C18的长链脂肪酸,菌株DH-9的发酵液中含有C8~C24的长链脂肪酸。上述结果表明筛选出的高效降解菌株DH-5、DH-8和DH-9代谢原油的方式很可能是单末端氧化和直接脱氢途径。

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