[目的]碳酸氢铵在土壤中对尖孢镰刀菌生长具有显著的抑制作用,通过比较碳酸氢铵、亚硝酸钠和硝酸钠的抑菌作用,以期探明碳酸氢铵抑制尖孢镰刀菌的作用机制。[方法]采用土壤培养和平板培养相结合的试验方法,研究不同含量碳酸氢铵、亚硝酸钠和硝酸钠对枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型、西瓜专化型以及甜瓜专化型生长的影响,同时研究了硝化抑制剂双氰胺对碳酸氢铵杀菌作用的影响,最后采用平板培养法分析了培养基pH值的变化对碳酸氢铵抑菌作用的影响。[结果]碳酸氢铵和亚硝酸钠均可以有效抑制3种专化型尖孢镰刀菌在平板上的生长和土壤中的数量,且抑制作用随其含量的增加显著增加,但硝酸钠则无影响;培养基pH值在一定范围内的变化不会对尖孢镰刀菌生长产生显著影响,碳酸氢铵对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用与pH值有关,但不完全取决于pH值;硝化抑制剂对尖孢镰刀菌生长没有影响,但能够抑制碳酸氢铵对尖孢镰刀菌的杀菌作用。[结论]碳酸氢铵中的氨可以杀灭尖孢镰刀菌,并且其转化产物亚硝酸根离子在土壤中也能起到一定抑制尖孢镰刀菌的作用。[Objectives]In our previous study, ammonium bicarbonate was reported to possess the significant suppression effect on the Fusarium oxysporum, however, its direct mechanism is still unkonwn. The objective of this study was to reveal the key factor of ammonium bicarbonate for suppressing the pathogen via comparing the fungistasis among ammonium bicarbonate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. [Methods]Effects of different concentrations of ammonium bicarbonate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum(FOC), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(FON)and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis(FOM)were conducted through combining methods of soil incubation and plate cultivation. Effects of the pH variation of the medium on the fungistasis ability of the tested compounds were also conducted through the plate cultivation method. [Results]The results showed that ammonium bicarbonate and sodium nitrite effectively inhibited the growth of FON, FOC and FOM and the increasing antifungal effects were observed with the increasing amounts of ammonium bicarbonate and sodium nitrite, while no antifungal effect was observed for sodium nitrate. No significant difference of growth of pathogens was observed when the pH in PDA medium changed in a certain range, while the suppression effect of ammonium bicarbonate was affected by this variation, but did not depend entirely on it. No antifungal effect was observed for the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(C2H4N4)which significantly inhibited the antifungal effect of ammonium bicarbonate. [Conclusions]The results of this study indicated that ammonium could suppress Fusarium oxysporum and nitrite, the biotransformation product of ammonium, also could inhibit the pathogen in the soil
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